ObjectiveTo observe the clinical profile and risk factors of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). MethodsProspective study was conducted to consecutively recruit 73 patients with NAION from October 2013 through September 2015. A detailed history of previous systemic diseases, smoking and drinking was collected, and a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was performed. The prevalence of associated risk factors in NAION patients were compared to the 146 age-and gender-matched normal subjects, and assessed in logistic regression model. ResultsOf the 73 patients, 65.75% were males, 34.25% were females. The mean age was (55.18±9.89) years. 21.92% were bilateral and 78.08% were unilateral. Arcuate visual field defect (31.58%) was the most prevalent defect detected in unilateral NAION, and there were 8.93% fellow eyes with abnormal optic disc formation in incipient stage. Concentric visual field contraction (40.63%) was the most common in bilateral NAION. Obesity (OR=8.09, 95% CI: 2.94-22.23, P < 0.001) and diabetes (OR=4.72, 95% CI: 1.57-14.25, P=0.006) were significantly associated with NAION. While smoking was marginally associated with NAION (OR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.02-7.53, P=0.047). ConclusionsThe gender predisposition should be reconsidered in NAION. We should pay attention to the fellow eye in case of the incipient NAION patients. Diabetes and obesity are associated with NAION.