ObjectiveTo explore the clinical treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) after being treated with vitrectomy (PPV) due to misdiagnosis.MethodsA retrospective case study. From July 2015 to July 2018, 5 cases and 5 eyes of RB children diagnosed by pathological examination at the Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 3 males with 3 eyes and 2 females with 2 eyes; all of them had monocular disease. The average age was 4.8±1.7 years old. At the first visit, the diagnosis was endophthalmitis in 2 eyes (40%, 2/5); vitreous hemorrhage in 3 eyes (60%, 3/5). All were treated with PPV. All children underwent slit lamp microscopy, orbital MRI and CT, and eye color Doppler ultrasound blood flow imaging. If there was no clear extraocular spread, the eyeball removal combined with artificial orbital implantation was performed; if there was clear extraocular spread, the modified orbital content enucleation operation was performed with part of the eyelid preserved. The average follow-up time after surgery was 34.6±7.9 months.ResultsAmong the 5 eyes, 2 eyes (40%, 2/5) underwent eyeball enucleation combined with stage I artificial orbital implantation, and 3 eyes (60%, 3/5) with modified orbital content enucleation. There were 2 eyes of endogenous type (40%, 2/5), 1 eye of diffuse infiltration type (20%, 1/5), and 2 eyes of mixed type (40%, 2/5). The orbit spread in 3 eyes, the tumor invaded the optic nerve in 1 eye, and regional lymph node metastasis in 2 eyes. All children received systemic chemical therapy (chemotherapy). During the follow-up period, there were no new metastatic diseases and no deaths.ConclusionsAfter RB misdiagnosis and PPV, surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible. If there is no clear extraocular spread, eyeball removal or combined stage I orbital implantation should be performed. If there is clear extraocular spread, the orbital contents should be enucleated; Chemotherapy should be combined after surgery.