ObjectiveTo investigate the health technologies on diabetes prevention and management used in rural China and the assessment results of these health technologies, and to provide references for the selection and using of health technologies on diabetes prevention and management in rural China. MethodsWe searched VIP, CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data to collect survey studies and assessment reports of health technologies on diabetes prevention and management in rural China. The search date was up to July 15th, 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literature, and then the qualitative analysis was performed for the included studies. ResultsA total of 15 studies were included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that:the targeted populations were patients and ordinary villagers who had received the service or treatment of diabetes health technology in rural, as well as the grassroots medical technical personnel and promotion staffs who had developed the health technologies. Diabetes health technology studies in rural mainly included medical personnel health technology related knowledge training. The contents of health technology assessment involved effectiveness, acceptability, economic characteristics, requirements and technical specific property. ConclusionThere was limited researches on the investigation and analysis of health technologies on diabetes prevention and management in rural China, and evaluation content remains insufficient.
Objective To investigate the patient’s psychological anticipation and occurrence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), and to assess the influence of CINV on quality of life, so as to provide evidence for clinical doctors to recognize and pay attention to CINV. Methods The patients in the Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology who took either moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) were randomly sampled with a questionnaire for two circles. Patients were asked to record the following indexes before chemotherapy, on the second day and the sixth day of chemotherapy: acute and delayed nausea and vomiting, independently taking antiemetics, and functional living index-emesis (FLIE). Then, descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted for the outcomes of investigation. Results A total of 344 patients were investigated, of which 303 fulfilled the questionnaire finally. For the single-day chemotherapy, the acute nausea and vomiting, delayed nausea vomiting and overall complete remission in the MEC group were 86.1%, 76.6%, and 71.5%, respectively; while those of the HEC group were 84.1%, 71.0%, and 66.7%, respectively. For the multi-day chemotherapy, the acute nausea and vomiting, delayed nausea vomiting and overall complete remission were 93.8%, 64.9%, and 64.9%, respectively. Patients’ expectation of nausea and anticipatory anxiety was closely related to the delayed nausea in their prior circle of chemotherapy. Based on the FLIE assessment, about 30% of all patients reported reduced daily living function. Conclusion CINV remains a significant problem among patients in China, especially in controlling the reaction during delayed phase and nausea as well. It requires that more attention should be paid to CINV and more effective prophylaxis should be adopted in clinical practice.
ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of respiratory diseases and lung function of school-age children in Chongqing and to compare them with that of children in 25 years ago and to explore the possible causes of this change.MethodsAccording to the air quality data of Chongqing from 1998 to 2016, the annual variation of air quality days and pollutant concentrations were plotted. 2 126 school-age children in two districts of Chongqing were selected by random cluster sampling for questionnaires. 771 children were randomly selected from the children who completed the questionnaire for pulmonary function tests. The results were compared with that of 25 years ago.ResultsFrom 1998 to 2016, the number of days with good air quality in Chongqing increased annually, and the concentration of SO2 decreased significantly. The main air pollution composition changed from SO2 to PM10 and PM2.5. The prevalence of bronchitis (P<0.05) was higher than that of 25 years ago. After adjusting for confounding factors by multivariate logistic regression, the OR value of bronchitis in children was 1.667 (P<0.05) compared with 25 years ago. After adjusting for age, sex, height and weight by multiple linear regression, the results showed that the subjects' lung function indexes (FVC, FEV1, PEF and FEV3) were lower than that of 25 years ago. In this survey, there were differences in lung function indexes between children with different frequency of eating fruits and dairy products (P<0.05), and those with high frequency consumption were higher than low frequency. In terms of exercise time, subjects exercising ≥1 hour/day had greater FVC and FEV3 values than those exercising <1 hour/day (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe overall air quality in Chongqing has improved from 1998 to 2016; The respiratory health of children has decreased when compared with that of 25 years ago. Changes in the composition of air pollutants may endanger children's respiratory health, and fruit and dairy foods and exercise may be protective factors for children's respiratory health.
Objective To investigate the inpatient’s disease and cost constitution of the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu in 2009, so as to provide baseline data for further research. Methods The case records of inpatients in the Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu in 2009 were collected, and based on the first diagnose, the diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The data including general information of the inpatients, discharge diagnosis and hospitalization expense etc. were rearranged and analyzed using Excel software. Results a) The total number of inpatients was 1 220, and male was more than female. The disease spectrum included 12 categories. b) A total of 1 093 inpatients suffered from the top 3 systematic diseases as follows: trauma and toxicosis, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders, and the factors affecting health and resulting from contact with health care institutions. Except the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders, the other 2 systematic diseases were mostly seen in male rather than in female. c) According to ICD-10, the top 9 diseases of trauma and toxicosis were injuries to the wrist and hand, injuries to the hip and thigh, injuries to the knee and lower leg, injuries to the shoulder and upper arm, injuries to the lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis, injuries to the elbow and forearm, injuries to the thorax, injuries to the neck and injuries to the ankle and foot; the top 4 diseases in musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders were dorsopathies, soft tissue disorders, arthrosis, and osteopathies and chondropathies; among the factors affecting health and resulting from contact with health care institutions, removal of fracture fixation device. d) According to ICD-10 (list of three-digit catalogue and four-digit sub-catalogue), the top 5 single diseases in trauma and toxicosis were muscle and tendon injuries of the wrist and hand, intertrochanteric frature, fracture of the femoral neck, fracture of the tibia and fibula, and fracture of the lumbar spine; the top 5 single diseases in musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders were lumbar disc herniation, spondylosis, arthrosis of the knee, osteoporosis with pathological fracture, and osteonecrosis. e) The average hospital stay were 23.55 days, and the average cost per capita were 13 073.73 yuan which were constituted by material cost, drug cost including western and Chinese medicines, treatment expenses including blood transfusion fee, operation expenses including anesthetic fee, examination expenses including radiation fee and laboratory fee, bed fee and others. The inpatient costs were mainly at patient’s own expense, nearly a half of those expenses were paid by social security, and public medical care only accounted for less than 3% of the total payment. Conclusion In 2009: a) The male inpatients were mainly the young and middle-aged, and the female were the elderly. The main 3 systematic diseases were trauma and toxicosis, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders, and the factors affecting health and resulting from contact with health care institutions. Except the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders, the other 2 systematic diseases were mostly seen in male rather than in female. b) The top 3 single diseases were lumbar disc herniation, muscle and tendon injuries of the wrist and hand, and intertrochanteric fracture. Except lumbar disc herniation, the other 2 single diseases were mostly seen in male rather than in female. c) The average hospital stay was 23.55 days. The overall costs were mainly constituted by material and drug cost (59.25%), with rationality worthy of attention. d) Inpatient costs were mainly at patient’s own expense or paid by social security, and the proportion of public medical care was low in the payment.
ObjectiveTo investigate the status and problems of facility allocation in 22 health service centers and township health centers in Fucheng District of Mianyang city, in order to provide references for improving health services in these medical units. MethodsAccording to the national guidance of facility configuration in township hospitals, the questionnaire was made to survey on the allocation of medical facilities, durable years and frequency of use in 22 medical units of Fucheng district (11 urban community health service centers and 11 township health centers) from November to December 2010. The descriptive and stratified analysis was performed for the survey results. ResultsMost equipment and facilities required in "Guide Criteria for Installation of Equipment and Facilities in Urban Community Health Service Centers" including facilities for diagnosis, treatment and health education were not installed and there were problems of poor property and low frequency of use. The medical equipment was seriously inadequate in 11 township health centers. ConclusionCommunity basic equipment resource should be improved as soon as possible.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the current status of primary healthcare system reform in Xinjin county, in order to provide baseline data for improving the healthcare service system and population health in Chengdu. MethodsPrimary health care services and population health in Xinjin county were quantitatively described and compared. Resultsa) Eleven township hospitals (100%) and 89 village clinics (66.42%) were upgraded according to the national standards. The management of 60 village clinics were integrated with township hospitals. And 417 and 76 essential healthcare services were provided by township hospitals and village clinics, respectively. b) In 2010, the number of outpatients and inpatients in Xinjin county were increased by 24.2% and 46.3% respectively compared to those of 2009, while the costs per outpatient visit and inpatient discharge were reduced by 21.5% and 18.6% respectively. c) In 2010, health records of 98.2% of population in Xinjin county have been established; 96.3% of pregnant women were managed systematically; 98.8% of children immunization programs were implemented; 100% patients with severe mental disorders and about 78% with hypertension and diabetes were in follow-up and treatment; and 28.8% of total population got the free physical exams in 2010. d) The essential medicine accounted for 96.7% of total types of medicines and 97.8% of total expenditure of medicines in primarily healthcare institutions in Xinjin. The cost of medicine management was reduced from 8.5% to 4.2% while the medicine turnover rate was increased by 50%. e) Average life expectancy in Xinjin county was 77.97 years, infant mortality rate was 6.82‰ in 2010; and there was no maternal death in recent 8 years. f) The regional healthcare information system was established covering three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township and village. Conclusiona) The primary healthcare system reform in Xinjin county improves the infrastructure of primary care system, the utilization of essential medical care, essential public health service, and essential medicines. b) Life expectancy, infant mortality rate and maternal mortality of Xinjin county are better than the average levels in Sichuan province and China. Xinjin county is a representative pilot county for healthcare service system reform in Chengdu city and a nice model to successfully promote healthcare system reform based on regional healthcare information system.
Objective To investigate the rebuilding status of community health service (CHS) system after Wenchuan earthquake in Mianzhu, improve service ability and provide data for better reconstruction of CHS system after natural disaster. Methods The interview was conducted with local health system officials, and self-designed questionnaire for face-to-face interview was distributed to 508 community residents in Mianzhu who were selected by convenience sampling. Data entry and statistical analysis were completed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS 16.0 respectively. Results A total of 508 questionnaires were distributed, and then 486 questionnaires were retrieved effectively (response rate 95.7%). The analysis on 486 respondents in CHS after rebuilding showed the rate of respondents with health files rose from 20.1% to 43.8%, the rate of having regular health check-up rose from 7.4% to 46.7%, the rate of health education rose from 20.1% to 39.7%, the rate of chronic disease monitoring rose from 0.9% to 35.4%, the rate of knowing referral pattern rose from 15.7% to 51.2%, the rate of propaganda for disaster relief rose from 33.6% to 58.6%, and the rate of doing disaster emergency response exercise was 21.8% currently. 62.3% of residents chose CHS on the first visit. The satisfactory degree to CHS rose from 45.4% to 76.1% after earthquake. Both popularization of regular health check-up and propaganda for disaster relief were major factors with influence on residents’ satisfaction to CHS (Plt;0.001, P=0.010, respectively). Conclusion The residents’ satisfactory degree to the rebuilding status of CHS system is encouraging. It is necessary to strengthen the popularization of regular health check-up and propaganda for disaster relief in order to improve the quality of community health service.
Objective To investigate the suicide related factors of the teenagers after trauma and further discuss the prevalence and related factors of suicide idea plan and behavior. Methods Using the general information questionnaire and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to investigate the primary and secondary students in the nine worst-hit areas in Wenchuan earthquake of 2008, with cluster random sampling and the class as a sampling unit, to extract random 110 primary and middle schools and gather their general information, disaster-related cases and scores of suicide in YRBS. According to the different types of data, we used descriptive statistics,t test,Chi square test and Logistic regression analysis and respectively use single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis for suicide idea, plan and behavior. Results A total of 7 833 questionnaires were sent out and a total of 7 521 questionnaires were collected and the recovery rate was 96. 02%. Among them, there were 6 875 valid questionnaires (91.41%) and 636 invalid questionnaires. According to the investigation, the prevalence of the primary and secondary students which had seriously considered suicide was 6. 90%, which had a plan to commit suicide was 4.00% and which tried to take over the action of suicide was 2.70%. With general information for the independent variable, logistic regression analysis showed that whether there had seriously considered suicide as the dependent variable: age (OR=1.178, 95%CI 1.098 to 1.178) and changed in family structure after the earthquake (OR=1.360, 95%CI 1.360 to 1.085) were risk factors for post disaster the teenagers with suicide idea; whether there had been plan to commit suicide as the dependent variable: age (OR=1.099, 95%CI 1.050 to 1.150), the history of being buried in ruin (OR=2.155, 95%CI to 1.104 to 4.205) and changed in family structure after the earthquake (OR=1.495, 95%CI 1.128 to 1.981) were risk factors for post disaster the teenagers with suicide plan; whether took over the action of suicide as the dependent variable: male (OR=1.513, 95%CI 1.122 to 2.039) and changed in family structure after the earthquake (OR=1.555, 95%CI 1.112 to 2.175) were risk factors for post disaster the teenagers with suicide behavior. Conclusion Age and changed in family structure after the earthquake were the risk factors for suicide idea and age was positively correlated with suicidal idea. Age, had the history of being buried in ruin and changed in family structure after the earthquake were the risk factors for suicide plan and age was positively associated with suicide plan. Male and changed in family structure after the earthquake were the risk factors for suicide behavior. Among them, changed in family structure after the earthquake was the common risk factor. So there should be targeted psychological assessment and psychological rehabilitation intervention to avoid the risk of suicide among the teenagers after the disaster.
ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness situation on the ARRIVE guideline and the Gold Standard Publication Checklist (GSPC) of animal experiments in researchers in animal experiments field in Lanzhou city, in order to improve the promotion of the two reporting guidelines in China. MethodsA self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the clinical graduate students and teachers in medical college in Lanzhou city. The investigation contents mainly included the basic information of the respondents, the awareness situation on the ARRIVE guideline, GSPC and other medical reporting guidelines. SPSS 21.0 software was used for data analysis. ResultsA total of 329 questionnaires (40 were from teachers and 289 were from graduate students) were issued, of which, 287 questionnaires were effective. The results showed that the awareness rate on the ARRIVE guideline and GSPC in clinical graduate students and teachers in medical college in Lanzhou city were 11.8% and 12.5%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between students and teachers in awareness rate (P=0.903). The survey approaches, the age, education, job, and the organization of the respondents were all not the influence factors of awareness rate (P>0.05). The respondents knew about the reporting guidelines mainly through the website (33.4%), related studies (21.2%) and academic reports (17.4%). ConclusionThe awareness rate on the ARRIVE guideline and GSPC is relative low in researchers in animal experiments field in Lanzhou city, and it needed to take purposeful measures to promote and popularize them.
ObjectiveTo investigate the recognition of cold in pharmacy college students. MethodsInvestigation on the recognition of cold, treatment and anti-cold drugs were carried out by questionnaires among 158 pharmacy college students from March to July, 2013. ResultsThe annual cold frequency was mainly between once and twice in these students. The cold therapy cost in a year was between 10 and 50 Yuan, and the treatment cycle of cold was mainly between 3 and 7 days. The students were familiar with the inducement and symptoms of cold, but they didn't get adequate message of non-chemoprophylaxis methods on cold. The students knew anti-cold drugs mainly by pharmacist in drugstores, doctors and advertisements. Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction and Chinese and Western medicine mixture were their favorite drug types, and capsule, tablet and oral solution were their favorite dosage forms. ConclusionIt is necessary to strengthen college students' ability to recognize and treat cold correctly by comprehensive measures.