ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of diamine oxidase(DAO) and endotoxin(ET) during the treatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome with human growth hormone and the relationship between human growth hormone and intestinal mucosal barrier injury. MethodsOne hundred and fortysix patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome were randomly divided into operative group and nonoperative group, which were again randomly divided into the study group and control group.Plasma concentration of DAO and ET were determined before the treatment and 1 week after the treatment.ResultsPlasma concentration of DAO and ET in study group decreased after treatment with significant difference (P＜0.05，P＜0.01).ConclusionHuman growth hormone can protect intestinal mucosa barrier.
To evaluate the process from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and probe the therapeutic strategies for elderly patients, we retrospectively studied the clinical data of SIRS and MODS in 292 elderly patients with surgical abdominal emergency. Results: On admission, the morbidity rate of SIRS was 41.1%. Afterwards the morbidity rate of MODS was 14.2%, and the mortality rate of the elderly patients with SIRS was 11.7%. After 48 hours of therapy, MODS was developed in 40.5% of the cases also with SIRS. Of all the 292 elderly patients, 19 cases (6.5%) developed MODS and 16 patients (84.2%) died. Conclusion: The outcome of the patients with surgical abdominal emergency may be improved if SIRS is early diagnosed, the cause of SIRS after 48 hours therapy is well defined and the body inflammatory response is properly regulated.
Objective To investigate the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg in peripheral blood of patients with severe multiple trauma and systemic inflammatory response syndrome（SIRS） and its effects on cellular immunity and secondary infection.Metheds Peripheral blood of 23 patients with severe multiple trauma was collected in 24 h after SIRS was diagnosed，and flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD4/CD8 ratio.Simultaneously，in order to explore the cell proliferation，silver staining was used to determine Ag-NORs of leukomonocyte in peripheral blood represented by IS%.In order to investigate the infection in patients，sputum and secretion sample were collected for bacteriological examination on 1 and 5 day after SIRS was established.Forty healthy volunteers were enrolled as control.Results Compared with the control，the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg was significant higher[（14.21±3.43）% vs（9.53±3.22），Plt;0.01] and the ratio of CD4/CD8 and IS% were significant lower in patients with severe multiple trauma[（5.94±0.66）% vs（6.74±0.95）%，（1.22±0.25）% vs（1.72±0.36）%，respectively，both Plt;0.01].In those patients（n=14） who developed secondary infection，Treg% was significant higher [（18.69±4.21）% vs（12.58±2.49）%，Plt;0.01]，while IS% and CD4/CD8 were significant lower [（5.79±0.68）% vs（6.15±0.57）%，（1.15±0.25）% vs（1.39±0.25）%，both Plt;0.01].compared to the patients without secondary infection Conlusion CD4+CD25+ Treg is valuable to estimate the cellular immunity and predict secondary infection in patients with severe multiple trauma.
Objective To investigate the role of inflammatory factors like serumleptin, adiponectin,interleukin-6( IL-6) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP) in the systemic inflammatory response of smokinginduced COPD. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, ie. a high-dose smoking group, a low-dose smoking group, and a control group. Serum leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, and CRP levels were measured by ABC-ELISA. Results The serum leptin and adiponectin levels in both smoking groups decreased significantly compared with the control group( P lt; 0. 05) , while the difference was not significant between the two smoking groups ( P gt; 0. 05) . The serum IL-6 and CRP levels in both smoking groups increased significantly compared with the control group( P lt; 0. 05) , which were higher in the highdosesmoking group than those in the low-dose smoking group( P lt;0. 05) . Conclusions Smoking increases the serum levels of IL-6 and CRP, but reduces the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in rats. These results suggest that leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, and CRP may be involved in the systemic inflammatory response of smoking-induced COPD.
【Abstract】ObjectiveThere are two main functions of gastrointestinal tract, digestion and absorption, and barrier function. The latter has an important defensive effect, which keeps the body away from the invading and damaging of bacteria and endotoxin. It maintains the systemic homeostasis. Intestinal dysfunction would happen when body suffers from diseases or harmful stimulations. The more serious intestinal disorders would harm the intestinal protective mechanism, or intestinal barrier function, and bacterial/endotoxin translocation, of intestinal failure (IF) would ensue. This article provides a critical review of the evidence indicating that an increase in bacterial translocation is associated with sepsis, and even the multiple organ failure syndrome in critically ill patients. The intransit microorganisms play an essential role in the homeostasis of local and systemic immunity. MethodsAll studies published from 2000 to June 2005 about intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome were located by search of PubMed. ResultsClinical and experimental studies investigating the correlation between bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, associated with the damage of the gut barrier function . To keep the mucosal barrier function intact is one of the main issues in the prevention of bacterial translocation. This could be achieved by the adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrient supplementation to the gut. Enteral nutrition, probiotic can be a good choice. ConclusionWith a better understanding of the bacteriahost interactions in health and the alterations induced by critical illness, new therapies that improve the environment of both may lead to better recovery rates in intensive care unit patients.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM) and Shengmai injection （SI） in treating systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and their mechanism. Methods The animal model of SIRS was established by injectinglipopolysaccharide(LPS, 1 mg/kg)intraperitoneally. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, SM group, SI group and combined treatment group (SM+SI group), which were treated with normal saline（5 ml/kg） plus LPS（1 mg/kg）, SM（5 ml/kg）plus LPSKG4（1 mg/kg）, SI（5 ml/kg）plus LPS（1 mg/kg）, SM（2.5 ml/kg） plus SI（2.5 ml/kg） and LPS（1 mg/kg） respectively. Six rats of each group were sacrificed for sample collection of blood, liver, lung and kidney 8 hours after LPS injection. Blood routine, serum TNF-α and IL-6 were measured. Specimen of organs were fixed in formalin and sent for routine pathological examination. The survival of other 4 rats of each group were observed untill 48 hours after LPS injection. SPSS 10.0 was used in statistical analysis. Results Two rats in control group died 13 hours and 22 hours after LPS injection respectively, the remaining 2 rats in this group and the rats in other 3 groups survived 48 hours after LPS injection. The white blood cell count of control group was significantly higher than that of other groups. The serum TNF-α and IL-6 of control group were significantly more than those of other groups. Pathological damages were found in all groups, and the most severe ones were in control group. SM and SI could decrease the level of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in the process of LPS-stimulated SIRS, down-regulate the severe inflammatory response, attenuate organ damages of the liver, lung and kidney, and increase forty-eihgt-hour survival rate obviously. Conclusion The experiment provides a theoretical base for clinical use of SM and SI in treatment of SIRS.
ObjectiveTo explore whether platelet activation is associated with systemic inflammatory responses. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to enroll all aortic dissection (AD) patients (AD group) from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2015 in the Emergency Department. According to the characteristics of AD patients, we matched hypertension (hypertension group) and health participants (health group) with AD patients at a proportion of 1:1:1. Blood samples were collected on admission for blood routine test [mean platelet volume (MPV)/platelet (PLT)] and inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6] analysis. We compared all parameters among the three groups and performed bivariate correlation analyses. ResultsExpressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in the AD group [(20.9±4.5), (168.8±75.1) pg/mL] were significantly higher than those in the hypertension group [(4.3±1.9), (8.4±2.9) pg/mL] and healthy group [(5.4±1.6), (8.7±3.8) pg/mL] (P＜0.05). MPV/PLT in the AD group was significantly higher than that in the hypertension group and healthy group (0.106±0.035 vs 0.049±0.010, P＜0.05; 0.106±0.035 vs 0.054±0.019, P＜0.05). There were positive correlations between MPV/PLT and TNF-α (r=0.516, P=0.002), and between MPV/PLT and IL-6 (r=0.633, P＜0.001) in the AD group. ConclusionIn summary, our study shows that platelets of AD patients can be activated, and the degree of activation is associated with systemic inflammatory responses.
Objective To investigate the clinical value of peripheral serum cell-free DNA/neutrophil extracellular traps (cf-DNA/NETs) level in diagnosis and severity assessment of sepsis patients. Methods Forty patients with sepsis and 40 patients with non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (nf-SIRS) were enrolled in this study. The cf-DNA/NETs level in serum of all subjects were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of the cf-DNA/NETs, white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The sepsis patients were stratified into a survival group and a death group according to the prognosis. Sequential organ failure (SOFA) score were recorded in the sepsis patients, and the correlations between SOFA and cf-DNA/NETs, PCT, WBC, IL-6 were analyzed. Results Compared with the nf-SIRS group, cf-DNA/NETs and PCT levels were significantly higher in the sepsis group (both P<0.05). WBC and IL-6 showed no significant differences between the two groups (bothP>0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of cf-DNA/NETs was 0.884 for diagnosis of sepsis, and it was higher than the AUC of PCT (0.803). The cf-DNA/NETs showed better sensitivity (81.2% and 79.2%) and specificity (81.0% and 82.4%) than PCT. cf-DNA/NETs and PCT were significantly higher in the death group than those in the survival group. Bivariate collection analysis revealed positive correlations between SOFA score and the two biomarkers of cf-DNA/NETs and PCT (r1=0.573, r2=0.518; both P<0.01). Conclusions cf-DNA/NETs and PCT have certain value in early diagnosis of sepsis, and cf-DNA/NETs shows better diagnostic value in distinguishing sepsis from nf-SIRS than PCT. cf-DNA/NETs can be used as a routine monitoring index to help assess disease severity in sepsis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of early postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on the short-term outcome of patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).MethodsThe clinical data of 88 patients with ATAAD who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a SIRS group (n=37) and a non-SIRS group (n=51) according to whether SIRS occurred within 24 hours after surgery. The perioperative data of the two groups were compared.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in general clinical data, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, white blood cell (WBC) and body temperature (P>0.05). Compared with the non-SIRS group, the cardiopulmonary bypass time in the SIRS group was significantly longer (P<0.05), and the WBC and body temperature within 1 day after surgery in the SIRS group were higher (P<0.01). A significant difference was revealed in the mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay, total hospitalization time and hospitalization costs between two groups (P<0.01). Patients in the SIRS group had higher postoperative acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡscores, sequential organ failure assessment score as well as a greater risk of developing postoperative acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, continuous renal replacement therapy, delirium, liver dysfunction and morbidity (P<0.05).ConclusionEarly postoperative SIRS significantly increases the incidence of major adverse complications and the mortality rate of patients with ATAAD.