【摘要】 目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤的临床特点和救治经验。 方法 回顾性总结2002年1月-2008年12月所诊治重型颅脑损伤96例的临床资料。 结果 96例重型颅脑损伤患者,其中手术治疗59例,非手术治疗37例。按GOS评分,出院时恢复良好33例(34.4%),中残15例(15.6%),重残16例(16.7%),植物生存8例(8.3%),死亡24例(25.0%)。 结论 重型颅脑损伤仍然具有较高的病死率和致残率,早期及时手术清除颅内血肿解除脑疝,早期气管插管或气管切开并呼吸机支持治疗及其它积极恰当的综合治疗措施是抢救治疗成功的关键;后期加强护理注重防治并发症,可以最大可能挽救患者生命。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of severe cranio-cerebral injury and its treatment experience. Methods The clinical data of 96 patients with severe cranio-cerebral injury from January 2002 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 96 patients with cranio-cerebral, 59 had undergone the surgeries and the others had undergone the conservative treatment. According to the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), 33 (34.4%) had a good outcome, 15 (15.6%) had moderate disability, 16 (16.7%) had severe disability, 8 (8.3%) had vegetative persistent and 24 (25.0%) died. Conclusion The mortality and morbidity rate of the patients with severe cranio-cerebral injury are high, we should clean out the intracranial hematoma and relieve cerebral herniation in time, performed early tracheal intubation or tracheotomy with respirator therapy, and other active and appropriate general therapies, and avoid complications via rehabilitation time intensify nursing to rescue the patients.
目的 探讨基底节区高血压脑出血手术治疗的时机、方式及疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2006年1月-2011年1月行开颅手术治疗的基底节区高血压脑出血168例患者临床资料。其中男98例,女70例;年龄35~84岁,平均65.2岁。患者发病至入院时间30 min~48 h,平均7.1 h。入院时患者意识状态分级:Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级46例,Ⅲ级41例,Ⅳ级28例,Ⅴ级21例。入院头部CT检查示外侧型51例,内侧型71例,混合型46例。血肿量25~50 mL 76例,50~80 mL 53例,>80 mL 39例。采用小骨窗开颅血肿清除术127例,行骨瓣开颅血肿清除术41例。 结果 168例患者中,死亡16例(9.52%)。术后4~28 h再出血8例,立即再次手术清除血肿6例,非手术治疗2例,致死亡4例;死于血肿量过大或脑疝6例,肺部、尿路感染3例,多器官功能衰竭3例。出院时按格拉斯哥预后量表评分,恢复良好82例,中残46例,重残16例,植物生存8例,死亡16例。术后随访3~6个月,按日常工作能力分级,Ⅰ级33例,Ⅱ级49例,Ⅲ级54例,Ⅳ级8例,Ⅴ级8例。 结论 超早期或早期在直视下手术,彻底清除血肿,术中对出血的责任血管可靠电凝止血,术后再出血发生率低,术后恢复快,疗效满意。