ObjectiveTo explore the significance of continuous surveillance of anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in one year.MethodsThirty-six patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and 93 patients with stable COPD were selected from Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from October 2019 to February 2020, thirty healthy people in the same period were selected as normal control group. In the stable phase group, >386.17 pg/mL was included in the higher group, and <386.17 pg/mL was included in the lower group according to the AECA median (386.17 pg/mL). According to the grouping criteria, the patient with the AECA median was omitted, the sample size of AECA higher group and lower group accounted for 46 cases, respectively. AECA test, lung function examination, the number of acute exacerbations in the past 1 year and MMRC score were performed for each group; At the same time, all the above contents were followed up dynamically.Results1. Comparison of AECA levels among the three groups: the acute exacerbation COPD group was higher than the stable phase group and the normal control group, and the stable phase group was higher than the normal control group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). 2. Overall comparison of related indicators before and after follow-up in COPD stable period group: AECA level was higher than baseline after follow-up, and the follow-up after 12 months was higher than that after 6 months; After 12 months, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1%pred were all lower than baseline, and the first two indexes were lower than those after 6 months follow-up. The number of acute exacerbations and mMRC score after 12 months were higher than that after 6 months follow-up, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). 3. Comparison of related indicators after follow-up between the higher and lower AECA groups: Follow-up after 12 months showed that AECA, the number of acute exacerbations and mMRC score in the higher AECA group were all higher than those in the lower AECA group at the same period, and the number of acute exacerbations and MMRC score in the higher AECA group were higher than those in the lower AECA group at 6-month follow-up. The FEV1, FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC of the higher AECA group followed up after 12 months were lower than those of the lower AECA group at the same period, and the FEV1 and FEV1%pred of the higher AECA group followed up after 6 months were lower than those of the lower AECA group at the same period, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).ConclusionAbnormality of AECA expression in COPD may be associated with continued decline in lung function, number of acute exacerbations in the previous 1 year, and increased mMRC score, and therefore may be associated with continued progression.