To explore the effect of burying testis in inguinal pocket on spermatogenesis. Methods Sixty New Zealand rabbits of 6-8 months old included 36 males and 24 females, weighing 2.5-2.7 kg. The male rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=18)and the control group (n=18). The model of repairing skin defect of scrotum were establ ished by burying testes in inguinal region subcutaneously in the experimental group. The rabbits were not treated in the control group. The sperms were collected and the surface temperature of testis was measured in both groups after 8 weeks. Testes biopsies were harvested from 6 rabbits of 2 groups randomly respectively. The apoptosis of spermatogeniccells was detected with TUNEL. The other 12 male rabbits in two groups were fed respectively with female rabbits to observe the fertil ity. Results The semen density and the spermid activity ratio were (237.3 ± 39.7) × 109/L and 76.9% ± 3.8% in the control group, and were (4.7 ± 2.7) × 109/L and 0 in the experimental group respectively; showing statistically significant difference between two groups (P lt; 0.05). The average superficial temperature of testes was (38.02 ± 0.36)℃ in the experimental group and (36.15 ± 0.64) in the control group (P lt; 0.05). TUNEL results showed: The spermatogenic epithel ium became thin and obvious apoptotic spermatogenic cells were found in experimental group; the spermatogenic epithel ium was normal and few apoptotic spermatogenic cells were found in the control group. The apoptotic index (AI) was 89.69% ± 3.76% in the experimental group and 7.73% ± 4.95% in the control group (P lt; 0.05). The Pairing results showed that the female rabbits pairing with male rabbits of the experimental group were all not pregnant, and those of the control group were all pregnant (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion As the same as the scrotum was reconstructed with skin flaps, it will induce the rabbit infertil ity that the testes were buried in inguinal region subcutaneously to repair defect of scrotum skin. The main reason is the excessive apoptosis of spermatogenic cell by the high testes environmental temperature.
Objective To establish dog model of testicular autotransplantation with a modified technique.Methods Testicular autotransplantations were performed on the right side of 30 male dogs, whose ages ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 years old and weights ranged from 14 to 17 kg. After the spermatic artery with a cuff of abdominal aorta and spermatic vein and with a cuff of inferior vena cava were detached, the testis was perfused and kept at icing temperature. An end-to-side anastomosis of the spermatic vessels to the external iliac vessels was conducted subsequently. The survival conditions of the auografts were assessed by digital subtraction arteriography (DSA). Histological examination and detection on the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotrophic hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) were made at two weeks intervals. Results Of the 30 testicular autotransplantations performed, 27 cases were successful. The success rate was 90%. The time of heat ischemia, cold ischemia, anastomosis of spermatic vessels, and total operation was 4.5±0.9 minutes, 50.0±10.0 minutes, 35.5±5.5 minutes, and 3.5±0.5 hours respectively. DSA proved that the testis survived well. No morphological abnormality was found at different stages of the spermatogenic cells. The LH level was higherthan that before operation, being statistically different (Plt;0.05);however, the levels of FSH and T did not changed significantly (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion A stable and feasible model of testicular autotransplantation is established and it provides a reliable experimental platform for human testicular transplantation.
ObjectiveTo explore the differences in ultrasonographic features of testicular teratoma and yolk sac tumor (YST) in children.MethodsA total of 44 patients were selected, including 30 with testicular teratoma and 14 with YST, whose diagnoses were confirmed by surgery and pathology in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2015 to June 2019. The differences in ultrasonograhic characteristics of the two groups were compared, such as the size, location, internal echo, composition, and blood supply of the tumors.ResultsThe mean value of maximum diameters of testicular teratomas was (24.25±12.13) mm and that of YSTs was (29.71±18.75) mm, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (F=0.531, P=0.383). In terms of the compositions of the tumors, cystic-solid lesions were the most common in testicular teratomas (17/30), followed by solid lesions (8/30) and cystic lesions (5/30); while solid lesions were the most common in YSTs (12/14), followed by cystic-solid lesions, and cystic lesions did not appear. The difference in the compositions of tumors was statistically significant between children’s testicular teratomas and YSTs (P=0.001), especially in the proportion of solid lesions. In terms of Adler grade of blood flow, there were 9 cases of Adler 0, 10 cases of Adler 1, 10 cases of Adler 2, and 1 case of Adler 3 in testicular teratomas, while there were 0 case of Adler 0, 1 case of Adler 1, 4 cases of Adler 2, and 9 cases of Adler 3 in YSTs. The difference in the blood supply was statistically significant between children’s testicular teratomas and YSTs (P<0.001). Testicular teratomas tended less to behave as Adler 3, while Adler 3 was the most common in YSTs. There was no statistically significant difference in other ultrasonic features, like the location, internal echo, or the existence of calcification (P>0.05).ConclusionsUltrasound has a certain meaning for the differential diagnosis of testicular teratoma and YST in children. By comparing the solid component and the blood supply of the tumor, it is helpful for enhancing the diagnostic confidence of sonographer.