ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristic differences of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) between with and without subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteostomy in Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). MethodsBetween January 2006 and March 2012, 21 patients (21 hips) with Crowe type IV DDH who underwent primary THA were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. According to whether subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteostomy was performed during THA or not, the patients were divided into 2 groups: THA with osteostomy group (n=9) and THA without osteotomy group (n=12). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, and hip Harris score between 2 groups (P>0.05) except leg length discrepancy (t=-3.170, P=0.005). The operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, complications, and radiography data were compared to evaluate the clinical characteristics. ResultsThe operation time, blood loss, and postoperative drainage of osteotomy group were all significantly greater than those of no osteotomy group (P<0.05). All patients achieved primary healing of incision; 1 patient (1 hip) had transient sciatic nerve symptom in osteotomy group. The average follow-up time was 53 months (range, 28-88 months). The X-ray films showed good fracture healing at 3-6 months after operation in osteostomy group. No prosthetic loosening or dislocation was found. The hip Harris score was 90.67±4.06 in osteostomy group and 92.17±3.27 in no osteostomy group, showing no significant difference between 2 groups (t=-0.938, P=0.360). The leg length discrepancy was (0.22±0.26) cm in osteostomy group and (0.18±0.27) cm in no osteostomy group, showing no significant difference (t=107.000, P=0.546). The leg length discrepancy was found in 6 patients of osteotomy group and 5 patients of no osteotomy group. One patient complained of thigh pain in osteotomy group; 2 patients had slight limp (Trendelenburg +) in no osteotomy group. ConclusionTHA can improve joint function and increase limb length in the treatment of Crowe type IV DDH. Subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy is an effective treatment which can be performed according to preoperative template measurement, leg length shortening, and the soft tissue tension.
Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of total hip arthroplasty (THA) vs. total hip resurfacing arthroplasty (THRA) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joint. Methods We electronically searched databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2012), EMbase, PloS, national institutes of clinical test library of the United States, national joint replacement registration network of Australia, British national joint registration network, British orthopaedic association network (BOA), Canada orthopaedic association (COA), American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons network (AAOS), German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information network (DIMDI) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the comparison between THA and THRA for osteoarthritis of the hip joint from inception to November, 2012. References of the included studies were also retrieved. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. Results Six RCTs (10 articles) involving 518 cases of surgery (THA: n=259; THRA: n=259) were identified. The risk of bias of 8 articles was moderate and that of the other 2 articles was low. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared to THRA, THA brings greater improvements of femoral offset within 2 years after surgery (MD=6.60, 95%CI 5.53 to 7.68, P=0.25). There were no significant differences between the two groups in Merle d’Aubigné Postel, WOMAC score, UCLA score, SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire, walking speed, step length, walking cadence, postoperative leg length discrepancy, and complication rates. All these conclusions are based on early postoperative results. Conclusion Current evidence shows that, THA brings greater improvements of femoral offset than THRA, and no significant differences between the two groups were found in the other indicators.
Objective To summarize the occurrence mechanism of backside wear, the method of evaluating backside surface damage, the relationship between backside wear and osteolysis in acetabulum, and the approach to reduce backside wear in total hip arthroplasty with modular acetabulum prosthesis. Methods The recent articles about the backside wear in acetabular liners were extensively reviewed. Results Backside wear in acetabular liners is connected with micromotion between the liner and the shell, rough interface, thickness of the liner, and impingement. The methods to evaluate backside wear damage are only proceeded in revised acetabular liners. Backside wear can generate polyethylene particles that is likely related to the process of osteolysis in acetabulum through the screw holes of metallic shell. To reduce backside wear between the liner and the shell, measures such as improved locking mechanisms, smooth inner metallic shell, maximized shell liner conformity, improving the quality of polyethylene, and reducing impingement can be taken. Conclusion There is no method of evaluating the backside wear in vivo. The relationship between backside wear and osteolysis in acetabulum as well as aseptic loosening of acetabulum prosthesis is controversial.
Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative digital planning in acetabular reconstruction of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for development dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods A prospective study was performed on 42 patients with DDH undergoing primary THA between January 2009 and December 2011. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether preoperative digital planning was made or not; before operation, conventional imaging method was used in 23 cases (group A), and TraumaCad software was used for preoperative digital planning in 19 cases (group B). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, DDH classification, and preoperative Harris score between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The operation time, amount of bleeding, and postoperative complication were observed. After 7 days of operation, X-ray films were done to measure the vertical location, horizontal location, radiographic anteversion angle, radiographic inclination angle, and prosthesis size by TraumaCad software. The qualified rate of cup placement was compared between 2 groups. Coincidence rate of cup size between preoperative predicted by the digital planning and actually implanted in group B also was calculated. Results The operation time and the amount of bleeding were (119.25 ± 47.16) minutes and (410.00 ± 200.39) mL in group A and were (155.31 ± 84.03) minutes and (387.50 ± 251.99) mL in group B respectively, showing no significant difference between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). Incision infection and prosthetic anterior dislocation occurred in 1 case of group A respectively, prosthetic posterior dislocation in 1 case of group B. The patients were followed up 1 year and 1 month to 4 years and 1 month (mean, 2 years and 8 months ) in group A, and 1 year and 3 months to 4 years (mean, 2 years and 7 months) in group B. At last follow-up, the Harris scores were 91.09 ± 5.35 in group A and 91.72 ± 3.48 in group B, which were significantly increased when compared with preoperative scores (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found between 2 groups (t=0.41, P=0.69). The qualified rate of cup placement of group B (78.95%, 15/19) was significantly higher than that of group A (43.48%, 10/23) (χ2=5.43, P=0.02); the coincidence rate of the cup size between preoperative predicted by the digital planning and actually implanted was 68.42% (13/19). ConclusionPreoperative digital planning can further optimize the acetabular reconstruction in THA for DDH.
Objective To compare the effectiveness and linear wear rates between high cross-linked polyethylene cup liner and traditional polyethylene cup liner. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 61 patients (64 hips) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) between January 2005 and March 2007. According to the type of cup liner, 61 patients (64 hips) were divided into 2 groups: high cross-linked polyethylene cup liner was used in 30 cases (31 hips, trial group), and traditional polyethylene cup liner in 31 cases (33 hips, control group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body weight, etiological factor, and preoperative Harris score between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). Complication was observed after operation; Harris score was used to assess hip function; X-ray film analysis was done to observe osteolysis and prosthesis loosening, and to measure cumulative penetration of the femoral head and linear wear rate. Results All incisions healed by first intention without complication. All patients were followed up. The mean follow-up was 6.3 years (range, 5-7 years) in trial group, and was 6.5 years (range, 4-7 years) in control group. There was no significant difference in Harris score between 2 groups at the 3 months after operation and last follow-up (P gt; 0.05). Osteolysis was observed in 3 cases (3 hips) of control group, but no osteolysis in trial group. X-ray films showed no aseptic loosening in the patients of 2 groups. The mean cumulative penetration of trial group were significantly lower than those of control group at 1-7 years after operation (P lt; 0.05). Linear wear rate of trial group [(0.025 ± 0.002) mm/year] was significantly lower than that of control group [(0.086 ± 0.005 ) mm/year] (Z=6.804, P=0.000). Conclusion High cross-linked polyethylene cup liner has the similar effectiveness as traditional polyethylene cup liner, but it has lower linear wear rate than the traditional polyethylene cup liner.
Objective To compare the short-term effectiveness between primary cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) after renal transplantation. Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 18 patients (21 hips) with ONFH after renal transplantation undergoing cemented THA in 11 cases (13 hips) (cemented group) and uncemented THA in 7 cases (8 hips) (uncemented group) between February 2005 and February 2012. There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, ONFH stage, preoperative Harris score, and bone density between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). Postoperative complications were observed in 2 groups; the hip function was assessed based on Harris scores; X-ray film was used to observe the prosthetic situation. Results All the wounds healed by first intention. The patients were followed up 6-77 months (mean, 46 months) in the cemented group, and 4-71 months (mean, 42 months) in the uncemented group. Femoral prosthesis infection occurred in 1 case (1 hip) respectively in each group; hip dislocation, femoral prosthesis loosening, and acetabular prosthesis loosening occurred in 1 case (1 hip) of the cemented group, respectively. At last follow-up, the incidences of postoperative complications and revision rate of the cemented group were 30.7% (4/13) and 23.1% (3/13) respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the uncemented group [12.5% (1/8) and 0 (0/8)] (P=0.047, P=0.040). Harris score was significantly increased to 94.1 ± 3.7 in the uncemented group and 90.0 ± 4.2 in the cemented group, showing significant differences compared with the preoperative scores in 2 groups (P lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference between 2 groups (t=1.815, P=0.062). Postoperative X-ray films showed that the initial position of the prosthesis was satisfactory. At last follow-up, the bone fixation, fibrous stability, and loosening of the femoral prosthesis and loosening of acetabular prosthesis occurred in 9 hips, 3 hips, 1 hip, and 1 hip of the cemented group, respectively; bone fixation of the femoral prosthesis and stability of acetabular prosthesis were observed in all hips of the uncemented group. There was no heterotopic ossification in 2 groups. Conclusion Uncemented THA after renal transplantation can obtain satisfactory short-term effectiveness, and uncemented THA is better than the cemented THA; however, the middle- and long-term effectivenesses need further observation．
Objective To study the effectiveness and acetabular prosthesis selection of the total hip arthroplasty (THA) for Crowe type IV congenital dysplasia of the hip with dislocation in adults. Methods Between June 2008 and May 2012, 8 adult patients (8 hips) with Crowe type IV congenital dysplasia of the hip with dislocation underwent THA. They were all female, aged 20-35 years with a mean age of 25 years. The left hip was involved in 5 cases and the right hip in 3 cases. The Harris score of involved hip was 53.9 ± 6.6. The shortened length of involved extremity was 4-6 cm (mean, 4.8 cm). The X-ray films showed complete dislocation in all cases. The acetabular prosthesis with diameter of 42-44 mm and S-ROM femoral prosthesis were used in THA. Results The incisions healed by first intention. There was no hip dislocation events and sciatic nerve injury during the follow-up. Femoral nerve injury occurred in 1 case and asymptomatic venous thrombosis of the leg muscle occurred in 2 cases. All the patients were followed up 1-5 years (mean, 3 years). All cases showed obvious improvement of claudication and could restore to work. At 6 months after operation, the mean length difference between affected and contralateral extremities was 0.4 cm (range, — 1.0-0.6 cm); the Harris score was significantly increased to 87.6 ± 0.3 (t=1.77, P=0.00). The X-ray films showed that all cases got bony union at 3-6 months after operation and stable interface between acetabular prosthesis and bone. No revision was involved during the follow-up. Conclusion THA with small acetabular cup and subtrochanteric osteotomy is an effective method in the treatment of Crowe type IV congenital dysplasia of the hip with dislocation in adults. The early effectiveness is satisfactory. The long-term survival rate of prosthesis needs to be followed up.
Objective To compare the effects of rivaroxaban and enoxaparin on hidden blood loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 76 patients (93 hips) with avascular necrosis of the femoral head who underwent primary THA between June 2009 and January 2012. After operation, 10 mg rivaroxaban was used at 6-10 hours for 14 days in 44 cases (54 hips) (rivaroxaban group) and 4 000 U enoxaparin at 12 hours for 14 days in 32 cases (39 hips) (enoxaparin group). There was no significant difference in age, gender, weight, height, disease duration, grade of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and lesion hips between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The total blood loss, dominant blood loss, hidden blood loss, and percentage of hidden blood loss were calculated according to the formula. The bleeding events were recorded within 35 days after operation. Results The total blood loss was (1 509.56 ± 325.23) mL; the dominant blood loss was (928.09 ± 210.50) mL; the hidden blood loss was (581.47 ± 215.01) mL; and the percentage of hidden blood loss was 37.88% ± 10.42% in the rivaroxaban group. The total blood loss was (1 521.38 ± 516.49) mL; the dominant blood loss was (917.50 ± 378.73) mL, the hidden blood loss was (603.88 ± 377.15) mL, and the percentage of hidden blood loss was 38.18% ± 18.33% in the enoxaparin group. There was no significant difference in the above indicators between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The incidence of bleeding event was 9.1% (4/44) in the rivaroxaban group and was 3.1% (1/32) in the enoxaparin group, showing no significant difference (χ2=1.073, P=0.390). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the risk of hidden blood loss and incidence of bleeding event for primary THA between the rivaroxaban and the enoxaparin use.
Objective To investigate the short-term effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with SL-PLUS MIA femoral stem prosthesis by comparing with the SL-PLUS prosthesis. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 33 patients (38 hips) undergoing THA with SL-PLUS MIA femoral stem prosthesis (trial group) between June and December 2011, which was compared with those of 35 patients (40 hips) with SL-PLUS prosthesis (control group) during the same period. There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, etiology, preoperative range of motion (ROM) of hip, and preoperative Harris score between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The incision length, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were recorded during operation. The improvement of hip joint function was evaluated according to Harris score criteria. The ROM of hip was measured, and the X-ray film was taken to observe the position of prosthesis. Results Trial group had shorter incision length, less operation time, and less intraoperative blood loss than control group, showing significant differences (P lt; 0.05). All wounds healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 10-16 months (mean, 13.6 months). During follow-up, 5 cases (5 hips) of control group and 3 cases (3 hips) of trial group still had pain of hips. At last follow-up, the ROM of hip was (152.48 ± 9.68)° in trial group and (152.16 ± 8.18)° in control group, the Harris score was 91.4 ± 2.9 in trial group and 90.9 ± 1.8 in control group; there were significant differences when compared with preoperative values (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). X-ray films showed good position of the prosthesis with no displacement, loosening, or subsidence in both groups. Conclusion SL-PLUS MIA femoral stem prosthesis has less surgical trauma and blood loss than SL-PLUS prosthesis during THA. The short-term effectiveness is satisfactory, but the long-term effectiveness still needs further observation.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty with double-tapered cementless femoral stem for hip bony fusion by comparing with anatomical cementless femoral stem. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 50 cases (80 hips) of hip bony fusion undergoing total hip arthroplasty between October 1999 and January 2008. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 31 cases (49 hips) using BetaCone double-tapered cementless femoral stem (trial group), and 19 cases (31 hips) using Ribbed anatomical cementless femoral stem (control group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, preoperative Harris score, and abduction angle of the hip between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). After operation, X-ray films were used to calculate the ratio of force arm of abductor (a) to the force arm of gravity (b) and analyze the stability of the prosthesis. The abduction angle of the hip and Harris score were measured during follow-up. Results Fracture occurred during operation in 9 hips of 9 cases (5 in trial group and 4 in control group), and was cured after fixation. The mean follow-up time was 49 months (range, 12-98 months) in trial group and was 53 months (range, 6-105 months) in control group. The ratio of a/b was 0.65 ± 0.25 in trial group and was 0.56 ± 0.37 in control group, showing significant difference (t=2.19, P=0.03). The abduction angle of hip was (34.49 ± 7.58)° in trial group and was (30.97 ± 7.24)° in control group at 6 months after operation, which was significantly improved when compared with preoperative value in 2 groups (P lt; 0.05), and significant difference was found between 2 groups (t=2.06, P=0.04). Postoperative Harris score was significantly improved in 2 groups when compared with preoperative score (P lt; 0.05); trial group was better than control group in Harris score at 1 month after operation (t=3.62, P=0.01), but no significant difference was found between 2 groups at last follow-up (t=1.61, P=0.11). At last follow-up, X-ray films showed stabilized prosthesis in 2 groups. Grade I or II ectopic ossification occurred in 12 cases (14 hips) of trial group and 8 cases (9 hips) of control group at 2 years after operation. Conclusion The total hip arthroplasty with both double-tapered and anatomical cementless femoral stems for hip bony fusion can obtain satisfactory effectiveness, while the double-tapered cementless femoral stem has better abduction angle of hip.