ObjectiveTo explore the incidence of and relative factors for infectious complications after transrectal prostatic biopsy. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 238 patients who underwent prostate puncture biopsy via rectum between January 2008 and December 2013, and analyzed the rate of infectious complications. At the same time, we compared the data of infection group and non-infection group to analyze the risk factors for infection. ResultsAmong the 238 patients, infectious complication was found in 25 cases (10.5%), and there was no significant difference between infection and non-infection group in age and pathological results (P>0.05). However, diabetes history and the increased number of puncture needles may increase the risk of infection (P<0.05). ConclusionThough transrectal prostatic biopsy is considered simple and safe, infectious complications may happen during the application. Reasonable evaluation, adequate preparation before biopsy and appropriate number of puncture needles are recommended to decrease the incidence of infections.