Diabetic macular edema is the major cause of vision impairment in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Thickness and pathological alterations in each retina layer of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients can be performed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) device. And retinal light sensitivity at specific retinal point and fixation state can be detected by microperimetry qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, OCT can discover pathological anatomical changes in the retina of DME patients, thus facilitating the interpretation of the structure-function relationship in DME with combination of microperimetry results. At present, there are various therapies for DME patients, and the primary method in evaluating therapeutic efficacy is to compare the pathological changes in the retina before and after treatment by OCT. Besides, microperimetry can provide information in visual function restoration. The combined application of OCT and microperimetry has broad prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of DME patients.
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is an acquired retinal diseases. The majority of patients who develop AZOOR are women characterized by an acute onset of visual blurred and scotoma with photopsias. The fundus examination is often normal or appeared mild abnormal. The RPE atrophy of fundus is similar with white syndrome. Although FFA and ICGA features are either unremarkable or unrelated to AZOOR, there are still important in differential diagnosis. The characteristic abnormalities appearance of FAF (complicated and varied), OCT (regional anomaly of ellipsoid zone), visual field (visual field defect) and ERG (decreased amplitude and prolonged latency of rod reaction, maximum reaction, cone reaction and scintillation reaction) are considered critical examinations to the diagnosis of AZOOR. Although there is no effective therapy for AZOOR, it has some self-limitation.
ObjectiveTo observe the full-field ERG (ff-ERG) characteristics of patients with acute regional occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR).MethodsA retrospective observational study. From June 2017 to June 2019, 62 eyes of 42 patients (AZOOR group) who were diagnosed with AZOOR in the Department of Ophthalmology of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included in the study. All patients had no obvious localized disease on the fundus. Among 62 eyes, BCVA of 16 eyes were＜0.1, BCVA of 27 eyes were ≤0.5, and BCVA of 19 eyes were＞0.5. From June 2018 to January 2019, 40 normal volunteers (80 eyes) who attended the outpatient clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University and passed detailed ophthalmological examination to exclude all eye diseases including refractive errors were selected as the normal control group. All the examined eyes were tested with ff-ERG using the German Roland visual electrophysiological inspection system. The peak times and amplitudes of the waveforms induced by each response of dark adaptation 0.01 ERG, dark adaptation 3.0 ERG, dark adaptation 3.0 ERG, light adaptation 3.0 ERG, and light adaptation 30 Hz flicker ERG were recorded, respectively. The peak time and amplitude of each ff-ERG response between the two groups were compared by independent sample t test. The peak time and amplitude of each ff-ERG response between different BCVA eyes in the AZOOR group were compared by variance test.ResultsCompared with the normal control group, 0.01 ERG b wave of the dark adaptation of AZOOR group (t=3.601, －6.120), 3.0 ERG a wave and b wave of dark adaptation (t=2.627, －4.263, 3.719, －5.866), 3.0 Oscillation potential P2 wave of dark adaptation (t=－6.625), 3.0 ERG a wave and b wave of bright adaptation (t=3.762, －3.612, 3.648, －3.739) and 30 Hz flicker ERG P wave of bright adaptation (t=－3.832), all peak time of those were significantly delayed, the amplitude decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Comparison of different BCVA eyes in the AZOOR group showed that 0.01 ERG b wave amplitude of dark adaptation (F=3.950), 3.0 ERG a peak and b wave amplitude of dark adaptation (F=4.408, 4.876), oscillation potential P2 wave amplitude of dark adaptation (F=4.295), 3.0 ERG b wave amplitude of bright adaptation (F=4.344) and 30 Hz flicker ERG P wave amplitude of bright adaptation (F=4.483) of differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in waveform peak time and amplitude of the other reactions (P＞0.05). Pairwise comparison results showed that, compared with those with 0.1≤BCVA≤0.5 and BCVA＞0.5, those with BCVA＜0.1 dark adaptation to 0.01 ERG b wave, dark adaptation 3.0 ERG b wave, dark adaptation oscillation potential P2 wave, and light adaptation 3.0 ERG b wave and light adaptation 30 Hz scintillation ERG P wave amplitude were significantly reduced, and dark adaptation to 3.0 ERG a peak was significantly delayed, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe ff-ERG of patients with AZOOR show delayed peak time and decreased amplitude of each response. The worse BCVA are accompanied by the more obvious decrease of each response amplitude of ff-ERG.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of visual acuity and fixation properties of eyes with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) before and after surgery. MethodsA prospective clinical study. From September 2019 to December 2020, 25 patients with 25 eyes of IMH diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology of The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang were included in the study. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane stripping. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and microperimetry before and after surgery. The BCVA examination was carried out using the Snellen visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithmic minimum resolution angle (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. The 12° macular sensitivity (MS) and bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were measured by MP-3 microperimetry. The minimum diameter (MIN) and base diameter (BASE) of the macular hole were measured by OCT; the distance between the preferred retinal location (PRL) and the center of the fovea was measured by Image-proplus 6.0 image processing software. At 1 and 3 months follow-up after surgery, the same equipment and methods as before surgery were used to conduct related examinations. The changes of BCVA, PRL distance from the fovea, MS, BCEA, and macular hole shape before and after surgery were compared and observed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the indicators before and after surgery. Pearson correlation analysis was used for the correlation between BCVA and preoperative BCVA, PRL and foveal center distance at 3 months after surgery. The correlation between MIN, BCVA, PRL and foveal center before surgery distance, MS, BCEA and BCVA at 3 months after surgery were analyzed by multiple linear regression. ResultsAmong 25 eyes of 25 cases, 1 male had 1 eye, and 24 females had 24 eyes. The macular hole in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 11 eyes and 14 eyes, respectively. MIN and BASE were 537.68±200.09 and 905.48±278.79 μm, respectively. One month after surgery, the hiatus was closed. Before surgery and 1 and 3 months after surgery, the logMAR BCVA of the affected eyes were 0.80±0.17, 0.70±0.21, 0.60±0.25, and the MS were 22.20±3.86, 23.60±3.14, 24.38±2.68 dB, the distances between PRL and the center of the fovea were 537.72±426.05, 402.00±395.06, 236.80±219.54 μm, and BCEA were 7.90±3.43, 6.40±2.67, 4.80±2.32 deg2. Compared with before operation, BCVA (F=7.047, 20.104) and MS (F=1.980, 5.390) were significantly improved at different time after operation, the distance between PRL and fovea center (F=1.265, 9.530), BCEA (F=2.762, 13.617) were decreased, the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that BCVA at 3 months after surgery was significantly associated with preoperative MIN (r=0.810), BASE (r=0.664), BCVA before surgery and 1 month after surgery (r=0.854, 0.940), preoperative and surgical MS at 1 month after surgery (r=－0.548, －0.578), distance between PRL and foveal center before surgery and at 1 month after surgery (r=0.833, 0.915), BCEA before surgery and at 1 month after surgery (r=0.636, 0.732) were significantly correlated (P＜0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the distance between PRL and foveal center before surgery and BCVA were risk factors for poor prognosis of BCVA at 3 months after surgery. ConclusionsThe BCVA and MS of eyes with IMH are significantly improved after surgery, and the distance between PRL and foveal center and BCEA decreased. BCVA, PRL and foveal center distance before surgery are risk factors for poor visual acuity after surgery.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of macular visual function after myopic foveoschisis (MF) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane peeling and air filling. MethodsA single-center, retrospective study. From October 2018 to October 2019, 29 MF inpatients (32 eyes) in Tianjin Eye Hospital were included in this study. There were 3 males (4 eyes) and 26 females (28 eyes). The age was 63.00±3.45 years old. Equivalent spherical lens degree was －14.16±2.54 D, and axial length was 29.14±1.04 mm. Among them, 3 patients (3 eyes) had lamellar macular holes. All eyes underwent standard pars plana three-channel 25G PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling and air filling. Before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, macular microperimetry was performed with a macular integrity assessment instrument, and the mean retinal sensitivitie (MS) within 10° of the macula, fovea 2° and 4° fixation rates (P1, P2), 63% and 95% bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were recorded. The comparison of MS, P1, P2, 63%BCEA and 95%BCEA at different times before and after surgery was performed by paired t test; the comparison of fixation stability rate was performed by χ2 test. ResultsCompared with before surgery, there were significant differences in the improvement of MS in affected eyes at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery (t=－2.208, －3.435,－4.919; P=0.038, 0.002, 0.000). In the pairwise comparison at different times after surgery, only 6 months after surgery and 1 month after surgery were significantly different (P=0.036). Compared with the preoperative P1, P2, 63%BCEA and 95%BCEA, the P1 and P2 of the eyes gradually increased after surgery, while the 63%BCEA and 95%BCEA gradually decreased, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P1: t=－1.595,－1.698,－1.966; P=0.125, 0.104, 0.062. P2: t=－1.622,－1.654,－1.707; P=0.119, 0.112, 0.102. 63%BCEA: t=1.410, 1.409, 1.553; P=0.172, 0.173, 0.135. 95%BCEA: t=1.412, 1.408, 1.564; P=0.172, 0.173, 0.132). Six months after surgery, all the eyes underwent anatomical repositioning of the macular area, and no serious complications such as full-thickness macular hole and macular hole retinal detachment were found. ConclusionsPPV with internal limiting membrane peeling and air filling is an effective and safe method for MF, and the macular function improved significantly within 6 months postoperatively.