目的 探讨老年人腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄症的临床特点及手术方式，总结和介绍小切口单侧椎板开窗椎间盘摘除联合侧隐窝扩大术的优点和可行性。 方法 2006年7月－2011年1月对76例患者行后正中切口4.0～6.0 cm，在C臂X线机定位下，保留棘上、棘间韧带和棘突，骨膜下剥离骶棘肌，显露椎板、椎板间隙和关节突起，在椎板间隙间开骨窗，切除关节突内侧小部分后，环形切除突出的纤维环取出髓核，扩大成形侧隐窝，解除所有卡压脊神经根组织，彻底松解脊神经根。 结果 术后76例随访15～24个月，平均18个月，均按中华脊柱外科学会脊柱学组腰腿痛手术评定标准评定：优63例，良10例，一般及差3例，优良率达96.05%。手术前后Oswestry功能障碍指数评分与腰痛及腿痛视觉模拟评分法评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 小切口单侧椎板开窗椎间盘摘除联合侧隐窝扩大术，是一种手术创伤小，能在直视下操作，避免手术失误，彻底去除神经根致压物，不仅能够扩大神经根管，而且可行侧隐窝的探查及松解，同时兼顾脊柱稳定结构基本不被破坏，疗效满意，尤其在老年人中值得推广。
【摘要】 目的 比较钻孔引流尿激酶溶解术和小骨窗开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。 方法 2008年9月-2009年12月分别接受钻孔引流尿激酶溶解术（A组，n=34）和小骨窗开颅术（B组，n=30）的高血压脑出血患者共64例（出血量30~50 mL，无脑疝），两组患者术前基线指标（如出血量、手术时机、昏迷程度等）比较无统计学意义。比较接受不同术式的两组患者手术时间、术后1个月的近期疗效、术后6个月远期疗效及死亡率。 结果 A组手术时间短于B组，两组比较，有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。术后1、6个月，A组疗效优于B组，两组比较，有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。A、B组术后近期和远期死亡率比较，无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。 结论 对出血部位在基底节区、出血量在30~50 mL，无脑疝的高血压脑出血患者，钻孔引流尿激酶溶解术的疗效明显优于小骨窗开颅术。【Abstract】 Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of drill drainage-urokinase perfusion (group A) and small bone flap craniotomy on hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 64 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (about 30-50 mL) from September 2008 to December 2009 were collected. The patients underwent drill drainage-urokinase perfusion (group A,n=34) and small bone flap craniotomy (group B,n=30). The therapeutic effects, including operating time, short-term effect within one month, long-term effect six months after operation, operation time, and the rate of rehaemorrhagia and mortality were observed and the results of the two groups were compared. Results The operation time was shorter in group A than that in group B (Plt;0.05); one month and six months after the operation, the therapeutic effects were better in group A than those in group B (Plt;0.05); the difference in mortality between the two groups was not significant (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of drill draiage-urokinase perfusion is better than that of small bone flap craniotomy on the patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal unclei with bleeding amount of 30-50 mL and without cerebralhern.
【摘要】 目的 探讨颅内动静脉畸形切除术中彩色多普勒超声检查的应用价值与预后的关系。 方法 在显微外科手术的基础上，将65例动脑静脉畸形患者随机分为A、B两组， A组34例动静脉畸形患者在术中接受术中超声检查，确定其畸形血管团的数目、位置、深度、大小、范围及其与周边组织结构的关系，探查供血动脉及引流静脉的数目及走行，以确定动、静脉畸形的位置、手术切除范围及切除术后是否有畸形血管残留；B组31例行常规手术，比较两组之间的差异。 结果 术中彩色多普勒超声能清晰的显示动静脉畸形的情况，两组经手术完整切除动静脉畸形率、再出血率、术后7 d Glasgow昏迷评分及预后差异均有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。 结论 术中实时彩色多普勒超声能对脑动静脉畸形准确定位，并可判定脑动静脉畸形的血供模式及残余情况，减少脑组织损伤及降低手术并发症的发生，提高了手术安全性及治疗效果。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the application of the colored Doppler ultrasonography in the excision of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) to determine the location of the lesion and the completeness of the resection, and to evaluate the clinical value of intraoperative ultrasonography in the diagnosis, treatment and the relation to the prognosis of patients. Methods A total of 65 patients with brain AVM were randomly divided into group A and B. The microsurgery was perfromed on the patients. Intraoperative ultrasound was performed on the 34 patients in group A to the numbers, location, depth,size of different malformation vascular clumps relationship of the arteriovenous malformation with surrounding tissues. While the pateints in group B underwent the routine surgery. The difference between the two groups were compared. Results The condition of the AVM were clearly revealed by intraoperative ultrasonography. All of the intracranial AVM in group A were completely removed. The difference in rehaemorrhagia and postoperative Glasgow coma scale score of seven day between the two groups were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). Conclusions Intraoperative color Doppler ultrasounography in the resection of intracranial AVM could accurate localize the lesions, identify vascular anatomy of the AVM vascular balls and the completeness of resection. The parameters including resistance index of the vessels may identify the abnormal vessels and reduce the operative complications and brain tissue damage, which improve the safety and efficacy of the therapeutic effect.