目的 分析原发性乳腺淋巴瘤（PBL）的临床病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后。 方法 回顾分析2000年12月－2011年10月收治的19例PBL患者的临床资料和治疗随访情况。 结果 19例PBL患者均为女性，年龄34～72岁。根据Ann Arbor临床分期，Ⅰ期患者9例，Ⅱ期7例，Ⅲ期3例，而病理类型以弥漫大B淋巴瘤为主（13/19）。全部患者随访时间为6～113个月，中位随访时间为45个月，5年生存率为36.8%。 结论 PBL其预后与病理类型、分期及治疗方式有关。手术联合放射化学疗法为主要治疗方式，腋窝淋巴结清扫有一定的意义，但对PBL预后的影响值得商榷。此外，PBL易出现中枢神经系统转移，应定期复查。
Objective To determine the effect of closed tracheal suction system versus open tracheal suction system on the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults. Methods We searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2007), PubMed (1966 to 2006) and CBM (1980 to 2007), and also hand searched relevant journals. Randomized controlled trials involving closed tracheal suction system versus open tracheal suction system for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults were included. Data were extracted and the quality of trials was critical assessed by two reviewers independently. The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.8 software was used for data analyses. Result Five randomized controlled trials involving 739 patients were included. Results of meta-analyses showed that compared to open tracheal suction system, closed tracheal suction system did not increase the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (RR 0.83, 95%CI 0.50 to 1.37) or case fatality (RR 1.05, 95%CI 0.85 to 1.31). No significant differences were observed between open tracheal suction system and closed tracheal suction system in the total number of bacteria (RR 0.83, 95%CI 0.50 to 1.37), the number of SPP colony (RR 2.87, 95%CI 0.94 to 8.74) and the number of PSE colony (RR 1.46, 95%CI 0.76 to 2.77). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the duration of ventilation and length of hospital stay. Conclusion Open or closed tracheal suction systems have similar effects on the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, case fatality, the number of SPP and PSE colonies, duration of ventilation and length of hospital stay. However, due to the differences in interventions and statistical power among studies included in this systematic review, further studies are needed to determine the effect of closed or open tracheal suction systems on these outcomes.
【摘要】 目的 探讨整体护理在压疮治疗中的应用和效果。 方法 2006年1月-2009年11月对98例压疮患者采用整体护理程序，从评估、提出护理诊断、实施护理措施以及评价作用效果四个方面对患者进行护理。 结果 50例压疮完全愈合，38例压疮经过护理后达到显效标准，10例压疮经过护理后好转。 结论 整体护理应用于压疮患者可取得满意的效果。【Abstract】 Objective To assess the application and effects of holistic nursing in the treatment of pressure sore. Methods Ninety-eight patients with pressure sores were treated from January 2006 to November 2009 in this department, accompanying with the holistic nursing which includes assessment, proposed nursing diagnosis, implementation and evaluation of the effect. Results Fifty patients were completely healed, 38 patients showed obvious effect and 10 patients relieved slightly. Conclusion The holistic nursing has satisfactory effects on the patients with pressure sores.
Objective To explore the risk factors and short-term clinical effect of conversion to open thoracotomy during thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 423 lung cancer patients who were scheduled for thoracoscopic lobectomy between March 2011 and November 2015.There were 252 males and 171 females at median age of 60 (24-83) years. According to the patients who were and were not converted to thoracotomy, they were divided into a conversion group (378 patients) and a video-assisted thoracic surgery group (a VATS group, 45 patients). Then, clinical data of two groups were compared, and the risk factors and short-term clinical effect of unplanned conversions to thoracotomy were analyzed. Results Lymph nodes of hilar or/and interlobar fissure closely adhered to adjacent vessels and bronchi was the most common cause of unexpected conversions to thoracotomy in 15 patients (33.3%), followed by sleeve lobectomy in 11(24.4%) patients, uncontrolled hemorrhage caused by intraoperative vessel injury in 8 patients, tumor invasion or extension in 5 patients, difficulty of exposing bronchi in 3 patients, close adhesion of pleural in 2 patients, incomplete interlobar fissure in 1 patient. Conversion did translate into higher overall postoperative complication rate (P=0.030), longer operation time (P<0.001), more intraoperative blood loss (P<0.001). In the univariable analysis, the type of operation, the anatomical site of lung cancer, the lymph node enlargement of hilar in CT and the low diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were related to conversion. Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for conversion were sleeve lobectomy (OR=5.675, 95%CI 2.310–13.944, P<0.001), the lymph node enlargement of hilar in CT (OR=3.732, 95%CI 1.347–10.341, P=0.011) and DLCO≤5.16 mmol/(min·kPa)(OR=3.665, 95%CI 1.868–7.190, P<0.001). Conclusions Conversion to open thoracotomy during video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer does not increase mortality, and it is a measure of reducing the risk of surgery. Therefore, with high-risk patients who may conversion to thoracotomy, the surgeon should be careful selection for VATS candidate. And, if necessary, the decision to convert must be made promptly to reduce short-term adverse outcome.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of fast track surgery in perioperative patients with adrenalectomy.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of fast track surgery in perioperative patients with adrenalectomy from inception to January 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs involving 1 034 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: fast track surgery in perioperative patients with adrenalectomy could shorten first exhaust time (MD=−17.16, 95%CI −21.86 to −12.46, P<0.000 01), postoperative catheter indwelling time (MD=−43.44, 95%CI −46.65 to −40.23, P<0.000 01) and drainage tube indwelling time (MD=−39.91, 95%CI −57.58 to −22.23, P<0.000 01), and reduce the incidence of complications after adrenalectomy (OR=0.26, 95%CI 0.1 to 0.39, P<0.000 01). There were no statistically differences in operation time (MD=−1.18, 95%CI −3.22 to 0.86, P=0.26) and blood loss (MD=0.25, 95%CI −2.84 to 3.34, P=0.88) between two groups.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that, compared with the conventional rehabilitation group, fast track surgery can promote postoperative recovery of patients with adrenalectomy more safely and effectively, which has clinical promotion value. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To analysis the risk factors for lower airway bacteria colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia ( VAP) in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in intensive care unit. 78 adult inpatients who underwent mechanical ventilation( MV) through oral endotracheal intubation between June 2007 and May 2010 were recruited. Samples were obtained from tracheobronchial tree immediately after admission to ICU and endotracheal intubation( ETI) , and afterward twice weekly. The patients were divided naturally into three groups according to airway bacterial colonization. Their baseline characteristics, APACHEⅡ score, intubation status and therapeutic interventions, etc. were recorded and analyzed. Results In the total 78 ventilated patients, the incidence of lower airway colonization and VAP was 83. 3% and 23. 1% , respectively. The plasma albumin( ALB) ≤29. 6 g/L( P lt; 0. 05) , intubation attempts gt; 1( P lt; 0. 01) were risk factors for lower airway colonization. In the patients with lower airway colonization, preventive antibiotic treatment, applying glucocorticoid and prealbumin( PA) ≤ 69. 7 mg/L were risk factors for VAP ( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusions The risk factors for lower airway colonization in ventilated patients were ALB≤29. 6 g/L and intubation attempts gt; 1. And for lower airway colonized patients, PA ≤ 69. 7 mg/L, preventive antibiotic treatment and applying glucocorticoid were risk factors for VAP.
ObjectiveTo summarize the method of quality management in long term video electroencephalogram (VEEG) monitoring process.MethodsTo summarize the VEEG monitoring process in 4 935 patients, the following methods were adopted: adequate preparation before examination, selection of suitable electrode wearing methods, regular inspection of the quality of the lead wire, inspection and observation of whether the electrodes have fallen off, process inspection, behavioral intervention guidance, timely manage the artifacts, pay more attention to the inducted experimental, timely identification of paroxysmal events, standardize the procedures for the management of seizures, standardize the processing of electrode cleaning and disinfection, continuously improve the quality.ResultsFour hundred and tworoy are paroxysmal events of various types occurred during the monitoring period. All of them were handled in time and the patients were all safe. Among these events, 4 children ended the examination in ahead of the normal procedure due to fever, crying or other reasons. two patients were transferred to intensive care unit due to changes in patients ’conditions such as hypopnea and decreased oxygen saturation of artery blood of finger. The remaining 4 829 patients completed VEEG detection for 8 ~ 24 h. and got good quality images.ConclusionsQuality management is a guarantee of qualified, high quality, low artifact EEG reports.
【摘要】 目的 了解新护士的心理健康状况及应付方式。 方法 采用心理卫生自评量表（SCL-90）和应付方式量表对2008年1月-2009年12月新上岗的64名护士进行测查。 结果 新护士强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分、总均分及阳性项目数与全国常模比较偏高，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）；SCL-90阳性者与阴性者应付方式比较，阳性者自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子均分均高于阴性者，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.01）；新护士应付方式各因子均分、退避、幻想、自责因子均高于吴超等人的研究（Plt;0.05）。 结论 新护士心理健康状况低于一般人群；较其他年龄段护士更多采用不成熟应付方式；成熟应付方式有益心理健康。护理管理者应重视新护士心理健康，引导新护士多采取成熟应付方式，提高心理健康水平。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the psychological states of new nurses and their coping styles. Methods Sixty-four nurses starting work between January 2008 and October 2009 in our hospital were investigated by Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results The scores of compulsion and mental disorder, average score, and the number of positive items were statistically higher than the national norm of China (Plt;0.001). The scores of athymia, anxiety, hostility, and phobia factors were higher than the national norm (Plt;0.01). The score of paranoid factor was also statistically higher than the national norm (Plt;0.05). Based on the results of SCL-90, we found that the scores of factors of self-accusation, fantasy, back-off (Plt;0.05) and the factor of rationalization (Plt;0.01) in the positive group were significantly higher than those of the negative group. Compared with the result of the research made by WU Chao and his colleges, the average scores of such factors as back-off (Plt;0.001), fantasy (Plt;0.01) and self-accusation (Plt;0.05) were statistically higher in the study group than those in the control group. Conclusion The psychological states of new nurses are worse than the general population. Compared with older nurses, new nurses are more inclined to use immature coping styles. Mature coping styles are favorable to their psychological states. The nursing regulators should pay more attention to the psychological states of new nurses and guide them to use mature coping styles to improve their psychological states.
ObjectivesTo review the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).MethodsWe searched The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and VIP databases to collect studies on mechanical thrombectomy in CVST patients from inception to April, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted the data and qualitative analysis of the included studies.ResultsA total of 33 studies including 552 patients were included for data analysis. Specifically, 157 (30%) patients had a focal neurological deficit, 145 (28%) patients had a pretreatment intracerebral hemorrhage or infarct, and 152 (29%) patients were stuporous or comatose. Wire was the most commonly used device. Overall, 483 (88%) patients had good outcome, while 35 (6%) patients deceased. Moreover, 333 (65%) patients had complete recanalization, 148 (29%) patients had partial recanalization, and 14 (2.5%) patients had worsen or new intracranial hemorrhage.Conclusions The current evidence suggests that mechanical thrombectomy is reasonably safe in the majority of cases. Due to limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above studies.