Objective To summarize the general concept of lateral wall, the causes of lateral wall injury, and surgical strategies in order to improve the understanding of lateral wall and reduce the complications of operation. Methods The related literature on lateral wall was extensively reviewed, summarized, and analyzed. Results The superior extent of the lateral wall is vastus lateralis ridge and the inferior extent is the intersection between the lateral femoral cortex and a line drawn at a tangent to the inferior femoral neck. The integrity of the lateral wall is important to prevent the failure of fixation and reoperation of intertrochanteric fractures. The main causes of injury are that there is no suitable typing criteria as a guide, the fracture pattern shown by X-ray does not match with the actual situation of the fracture, the type of fracture is special, and the operation is improper. The main treatment is to reconstruct the lateral wall and choose different reconstruction methods according to different fracture patterns. Conclusion The lateral wall is very important for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. Lateral wall fracture should be internal fixation in order to minimize the risk of reoperation.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system during bone reconstruction to provide theoretical basis for further research on the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases.MethodsThe relevant research results at home and abroad in recent years were analyzed and summarized.ResultsCGRP and RANK/RANKL/OPG system play important regulatory roles in the bone reconstruction.ConclusionAt present, the research on the mechanism of CGRP and RANK/RANKL/OPG system in bone reconstruction is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to study further on the process and interrelation of CGRP and RANK/RANKL/OPG system in bone reconstruction to confirm their mechanism, which will bring new ideas and methods for the treatment of bone related diseases in clinic.
ObjectiveTo evaluate safety and effectiveness of stent placement and emergency surgery in treatment of proximal colon cancer obstruction.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, etc. were searched comprehensively. The literatures of Chinese and English randomized controlled trial and retrospective comparative study of stent placement and emergency surgery for the proximal colon cancer obstruction were retrieved. The RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 softwares were used. The meta-analysis was made on the safety and effectiveness of these two treatments.ResultsA total of 9 literatures involving 636 patients were included, all of them were the retrospective studies, 4 of them only reported the clinical success rate and technical success rate. The technical success rate of stent placement was 0.94 [95% CI (0.91, 0.96)]. The clinical success rate was 0.90 [95% CI (0.87, 0.93)]. Compared with the emergency surgery group, the total complication rate and the temporary stoma rate were lower [OR=0.32, 95% CI (0.11, 0.94), P=0.04; OR=0.18, 95% CI (0.05, 0.65), P=0.009] and the hospital stay was shorter [MD=–2.97, 95% CI (–4.52, –1.41), P=0.000 2] in the stent placement group. The perioperative mortality rate, laparoscopic surgery rate, 5-year disease-free survival rate, and 5-year overall survival rate had no significant differences between these two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionCompared with emergency surgery, endoscopic stent placement for treatment of proximal colon cancer obstruction has a lower incidence of complications, temporary colostomy rate, shorter hospital stay, and it has no significant differences in mortality, laparoscopic surgery rate, and survival rate.
ObjectiveTo summarize value of preoperative inflammatory markers in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.MethodThe literatures on the preoperative inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of colorectal cancer at home and abroad were searched and reviewed.ResultsThe chronic inflammation might promote the occurrence and development of tumor, the tumor related inflammatory markers could be used for the auxiliary diagnosis and assessment of prognosis, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, tumor-associated neutrophils, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, Glasgow prognostic score, and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio were obviously correlated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. What’s more, the D-dimer and fibrinogen to albumin or prealbumin ratio were valuable in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.ConclusionsMore and more inflammatory factors are applied in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tumors. However, in general, specificity and sensitivity of a single indicator for tumor diagnosis are poor. In future, while studying new inflammatory indicators, diagnosis can be conducted in combination with various indicators, which is expected to improve specificity and sensitivity. Similarly, prognostic efficacy of a single indicator is low, so it can be combined with various indicators to improve prognostic efficacy of patients with colorectal cancer, and Nomogram model can be established to achieve individualized prediction and guide clinical work.