ObjectivesTo investigate the occurrence and parents’ cognition of accidental injury among pre-school children in Nanchong city, and provide advice and countermeasures to reduce accidental child injuries.MethodsUsing the multi-stage cluster sampling method, a total of 945 students and parents from 3 classes in each of 4 kindergartens in three districts of Nanchong city were surveyed with questionnaire.ResultsA total of 945 questionnaires were issued and 858 valid questionnaires were returned and the effective response rate was 90.79%. The incidence of incidental injury of pre-school children in Nanchong city was 25.99%, with no difference between boys and girls, and no difference between age groups. The top three injuries were falling (35.64%), smashing/touching/squeezing (22.11%), cutting/stabbing (10.56%). The child smashing/touching/squeezing rate was higher in boys than in girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.549, P=0.018). The top three places of the occurred injury were outdoor (53.67%), home (43.58%), and playground and kindergarten (13.76%). Between parents who possess injury-related knowledge and those who didn’t, there was no difference in the incidence of accidental injuries among their children. Parents often learned from cell phone (23.88%), TV (21.76%) and computer (18.11%). Ways in which they most hoped to learn from were the school advertised education (22.67%), TV (18.80%) and cell phones (17.75%). Of all types of emergency management skills, the top three figures acquired by the largest population were post-burn emergency treatment (72.03%), emergency treatment for traumatic bleeding (52.56%) and emergency treatment of animal bites (37.53%).ConclusionsThe incidence of accident injuries is high in urban areas of Nanchong city. The safety management of home and kindergarten should be strengthened, including schools' safety education and skills training for children and parents.
ObjectiveTo explore the abilities of thesis writing of postgraduate medical freshpeople and their factors, and provide a basis for postgraduate education and course design of thesis writing.MethodsA designed questionnaire was administered to postgraduate medical freshpeople enrolled in West China Medical School of Sichuan University in 2020. The general characteristics, current status of skills or experiences related to thesis writing, and abilities including literature retrieval and reading, statistical analysis, diagramming, research paper writing, and journal selection and submission of the postgraduates were collected in September 2020. Logical regression was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the abilities of thesis writing.ResultsA total of 503 valid questionnaires were collected. Over one half of the graduate students (58.3%) were satisfied with the ability of literature retrieval and reading, with the highest score among the five abilities [median (lower quartile, upper quartile) was 3 (2, 3)]. Less than 20% of the students were satisfied with the remaining four abilities, with the lowest scores in the abilities of diagramming, research paper writing, and journal selection and submission [each median (lower quartile, upper quartile) was 1 (1, 2)]. Research experience and acknowledge of reporting guidelines were independent factors for all abilities related to thesis writing (P<0.05). Proficiency in statistical software was an independent factor for the abilities of data statistical analysis, diagramming, research paper writing, and journal selection and submission (P<0.05). Having published scientific paper was an independent factor for ability of journal selection and submission [odds ratio=4.695, 95% confidence interval (2.166, 10.180), P<0.001].ConclusionsThe postgraduate medical freshpeople of West China Medical School are not satisfied with the ability of statistical analysis, diagramming, paper writing, or journal selection and submission. Attention should be paid to research practice and learning of reporting guidelines, while statistical courses and diagramming courses should be set up expressly.
Compared with traditional medical devices, artificial intelligence medical devices face greater challenges in the process of clinical trials due to their related characteristics of artificial intelligence technology. This paper focused on the challenges and risks in each stage of clinical trials on artificial intelligence medical devices for assisted diagnosis, and put forward corresponding coping strategies, with the aim to provide references for the performance of high-quality clinical trials on artificial intelligence medical devices and shorten the research period in China.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the reporting quality of systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses on acupuncture focusing on literature screening results and explore the influencing factors of the complete reporting.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were searched to collect SRs/meta-analyses on acupuncture from inception to December 31st, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the reporting quality of literature screening results of SRs/meta-analyses on acupuncture based on PRISMA statement. Logistic regression model analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of the complete reporting rate of literature screening results. Statistical analysis was performed by using Excel 2016 and SPSS 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 1 227 SRs/meta-analyses were included. Only 62.3% SRs fully reported the four parts of literature screening results. The parts with a low reporting rate included the number of studies assessed for eligibility (73.2%) and the reasons for exclusions at each stage (67.0%). And the reporting rate of the literature screening flowchart was also low (63.6%). The reporting rate of literature screening results in Chinese SRs was lower than that in English SRs, and there was significantly statistical difference (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the type of published journal, publication year, pages of article and the number of searched databases were correlated with the complete reporting rate of literature screening results (P<0.001).ConclusionsThe complete reporting rate of the literature screening results of SRs on acupuncture is low, especially in Chinese SRs. The complete reporting rate of literature screening results is significantly higher for SRs published after PRISMA statement, in SCI journals, with longer length and more searched databases.
A surrogate endpoint is intended to substitute for a clinical endpoint and is expected to predict the effect of the intervention on clinical endpoints based on epidemiologic, diagnostic, and pathophysiologic evidence. A validated surrogate endpoint can reduce sample size and follow-up duration of clinical trials; hence, the evaluation and validation methods of surrogate endpoints have been discussed for more than 30 years around the world. This paper comprehensively introduced the definition evolution, evaluation, and validation methods of surrogate endpoints, and provided references for future research.
ObjectiveTo construct a structural equation model of the mechanism of the role of medical humanities literacy in job competency and to conduct empirical analysis to verify the supporting role of medical humanities literacy in cultivating job competency. MethodsLiterature research was conducted to select the initial indicator system for medical humanities literacy and job competency, and then a conceptual model was constructed. Questionnaire data from four hospitals in Chengdu were collected. Through exploratory factor analysis, an indicator system for medical humanities literacy and job competency more suitable for the research population was obtained and the conceptual model was adjusted. Finally, the positive mechanism of medical humanities literacy on job competency was verified using confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation model). ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the overall questionnaire involved in the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses was greater than 0.9, and the KMO values of the questionnaire were greater than 0.8, with a Bartlett's sphericity test P value less than 0.01, indicating good reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The model fit of the structural equation model met the requirements, with a chi-square degree of freedom ratio (CMIN/df) of 2.768, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.077, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.891, normalized fit index (NFI) of 0.840, and incremental fit index (IFI) of 0.891. ConclusionThe improvement of individual characteristics in job competency is mainly influenced by medical humanities knowledge and spirit. The improvement of cognitive characteristics in job competency is mainly influenced by medical humanities knowledge and ability. The improvement of achievement characteristics in job competency is mainly influenced by medical humanities ability and spirit. The improvement of management characteristics in job competency is mainly influenced by medical humanities spirit.
ObjectiveTo develop a transparency evaluation tool 2.0 of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) oriented by public trust. MethodsThe Delphi method was employed to score and select the importance and operability of evaluation indicators. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of the indicators. And the final evaluation indicator system was determined through expert consensus meeting. ResultsIt constructed two first-level indicators including conflict of interest and formulation process, and six second-level indicators, including guideline developers, reviewers, protocol and registration, evidence production, recommendation formation, and external review. Based on the second-level indicators, a total of 21 third-level indicators were constructed from the perspectives of disclosure and management. The logical structure of the tool is rigorous and harmonious. ConclusionThe CPGs transparency assessment tool 2.0 developed in this study provides measurement standards and an evaluation framework for assessing transparency in CPGs.
ObjectiveTo understand the guideline citation of papers published by West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and to provide references for evaluating quality of papers. MethodsWe searched Web of Science core collection database to identify the published papers with the first author's primary affiliation at West China Hospital of Sichuan University until December 31st, 2022. Two reviewers independently performed the screening process and identified eligible papers. Afterward, we extracted the data from the selected papers, obtained their citation papers, and then separately constructed two databases, the West China Paper Database and its Citation Database. The differences in guideline citation among different types of papers and different levels of papers were analyzed using the χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. ResultsA total of 22 681 papers and 252 336 citations were included, of which 18 026 (79.5) articles, 2 773 (12.2) systematic reviews and 1 882 (8.3) reviews. The rates of article, systematic review and review were 2.6%, 15.8% and 2.2%, respectively. There were significant differences in three types (P<0.001). The citation rates of papers among the top 10 disciplines were different apparently: the highest citation rate was 13.9%, while the lowest citation rate was 2.6%. The guideline citation among different levels of papers showed no significant difference, but Q1 papers were more likely to be cited by Q1 guidelines (P<0.05). ConclusionPapers cited by guidelines are unevenly distributed across their article types and subject areas. High-quality papers are more likely to be cited by high-quality guidelines. Therefore, the citation of papers by guidelines can be considered as one of the indicators to evaluate the quality of papers.
Bias in clinical trials or systematic reviews may result in overestimation or underestimation of the benefits or harms of the interventions, and conclusions may be false. Meta-epidemiological study is an important tool to identify and quantify the impact of potential bias characteristics, and it can provide empirical evidence for controlling the bias. This paper summarized the origin, development and definition of the meta-epidemiology study, and discussed the challenges and development trends, so as to provide references for carrying out the meta-epidemiological studies.
The widespread application of composite endpoints in clinical research has afforded researchers a more comprehensive perspective, enabling a deeper understanding of intricate medical issues. Simultaneously, it effectively enhances the efficiency and efficacy of studies, thereby reducing the overall economic costs of research. A profound comprehension of the strengths and limitations of composite endpoints is crucial for their correct application and the accurate interpretation of results. This paper aims to introduce the recent advancements in the application of composite endpoints in clinical trials, discussing their advantages and limitations, and providing practical recommendations for their use. The intention is to offer guidance to researchers in understanding and managing composite endpoints effectively.