Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens of healthcare-associated infections. In order to prevent and control the transmission of the drug-resistant organism in healthcare facilities, the Healthcare Infection Society and the Infection Prevention Society jointly conducted the guidelines for the prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 2021. This article introduces the guide from the background, preparation process, main prevention and control measures and further studies, and compares the guidelines with the current prevention and control measures in China, so as to provide a methodological reference for preparation of the guide for domestic infection prevention and control practitioners, and provide evidence-based prevention and control strategies for clinical practice.
Objective To explore the research hotspots and latest progress of lung transplantation nursing at home and abroad, and to provide reference ideas and directions for the future related research. Methods Through the collection of CNKI and Web of Science core database, the related literature of lung transplantation nursing from inception to December 2023 was retrieved and CiteSpace software was used to focus on keyword co-occurrence, clustering and emergence. Results A total of 352 Chinese literature and 126 English literature were included in this study, and the number of papers published at home and abroad showed an overall upward trend. There were 34 core authors of Chinese literature and 83 core authors of English literature. The core authors led the team to promote research and promote cooperation at home and abroad. At present, the cooperation among research teams needed to be strengthened. Chinese literature keywords included nursing, lung transplantation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, lung rehabilitation, lung transplantation surgery, complications. English literature keywords included lung transplanation, quality of life, international society, disease, bone marrow transplantation. There were 15 clusters and 25 emergent keywords in the CNKI database, and 12 clusters and 25 emergent keywords in the Web of Science core database. ConclusionThe study of lung transplantation nursing at home and abroad has been paid more and more attention, and the research is getting more and more sophisticated. The future study can realize the holistic care of patients during perioperative period on the basis of clinical diagnosis and nursing technology, and improve the survival of patients after operation.
目的 观察七氟烷吸入复合骶管阻滞、基础麻醉复合骶管阻滞及单纯静脉全麻在小儿腹股沟区手术的应用。 方法 将2008年5月-2009年8月收治的90例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期手术患儿分为3组：Ⅰ组为七氟烷吸入复合骶管阻滞组，Ⅱ组为静脉麻醉复合骶管阻滞组，Ⅲ组为全凭静脉麻醉组。每组30例，观察3组麻醉效果。 结果 Ⅰ组患儿心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率变化不明显，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组患儿术中和术后心率、平均动脉压较术前升高（Plt;0.05），呼吸频率明显低于术前；Ⅲ组患儿苏醒时间明显延长，Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患儿苏醒期并发症低于Ⅲ组，其中Ⅲ组患儿术后躁动与哭闹多见。 结论 七氟烷吸入复合骶管阻滞用于小儿腹股沟区手术，患儿易于接受，麻醉过程中呼吸循环功能稳定，苏醒快，清醒质量高，苏醒期不良反应少，是临床上值得推广的麻醉方法。
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness of outdoor activities in preventing myopia progression, and to provide scientific evidence for myopia prevention and management.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, EMbase, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were searched from establishment to October 2017. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 10 studies involving 24 667 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of myopia in outdoor activities group was lower than that in control group (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.55 to 0.81, P<0.000 1).ConclusionThe current evidence shows that outdoor activities have protective effects on emmetropia children myopia onset. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
Objective To evaluate the safety and tolerance of medicinal charcoal enteric-coated tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods A total of 44 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 6 single-dose groups (0.5 g, 2 g, 4 g, 6 g, 8 g and 10 g) and a multiple-dose group (3 g, 3 times a day, for 14 days). The safety profile and tolerance were evaluated by observing symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory tests. Results No serious adverse event was reported for any volunteer. Abdominal distension occurred in 2 volunteers in the 4 g dose group and the 6 g dose group. One volunteer in the 8 g dose group experienced nausea and vomiting. Transient decrease in white blood cell count was observed in one volunteer in the 10 g dose group. Abdominal distension occurred in 2 volunteers of the multiple-dose group. Conclusion Based on our findings, the maximum tolerated dose of medicinal charcoal enteric-coated tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers is 10 g. The recommended dose for subsequent clinical trials is 3 g, 3 times a day.
Objective To investigate the feasibility of photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) technique in repairing limbal stem cell (LSC) deficiency and the effect on cornea wound healing. Methods LSCs were isolated from limbus of New Zealand rabbits by tissue block culture method, and then the LSCs of 2nd passage were cultured on de-epithelialized human amniotic membrane (HAM) for 3 weeks to prepare the HAM/LSC grafts. The LSC deficiency models of the left eyes were established by 0.5 mol/L NaOH in 24 New Zealand female rabbits, aged 3-4 months and weighing 1.5-2.0 kg. HAM/LSC grafts were used to repair the cornea wounds by sutures (suture group, n=12) or by PTB technique (PTB group, n=12). The gross was observed including the corneal transparency, erythema, and new blood vessel formation after surgery. At 3 and 28 days, the inflammatory cytokine of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were assayed by ELISA method; and the amount of new blood vessels were quantified by immunohistochemistry staining at 28 days. Results All animals survived to the end of the experiment. At 3 days, there was no obvious difference in the corneal transparency between 2 groups; at 28 days, the corneal transparency of PTB group was higher than that of suture group, and new blood vessels decreased. HE staining showed that mass inflammatory cells infiltrated between graft and cornea basal layer at 3 days, and no new blood vessel formed. inflammatory cells infiltration significantly decreased at 28 days in PTB group; the amount of new blood vessels was (2.0 ± 0.8)/ HP in PTB group and was (6.3 ± 1.3)/HP in suture group, showing significant difference (t=7.966, P=0.002). At 28 days, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokine of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in suture group were significantly higher than those in PTB group (P lt; 0.05); however, no significant differences were observed between 2 groups at 3 days (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion PTB technique can be used to fix HAM/LSC grafts, which can decrease inflammatory cell infiltration and new vessel formation, and improve the outcomes when compared with suture technique.
Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a form of restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by the abnormal deposition of transthyretin in the myocardial interstitium, presenting with clinical manifestations such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac conduction system disorders. The significant individual variability in the symptomatology of ATTR-CA patients poses considerable challenges for precise diagnosis. This study provides a review of biomarkers associated with ATTR-CA and highlights the TTR tetramer as a potential novel indicator. The amyloid deposition in ATTR-CA is closely related to the dissociation of TTR tetramers; however, the TTR tetramer is not included among the biomarkers currently used in clinical practice. Investigating the concentration, profile, and dissociation rate of TTR tetramers holds profound significance for the early detection and prognostic assessment of ATTR-CA. This article synthesizes the research on traditional biomarkers of ATTR-CA and emphasizes the potential application value of TTR tetramers in disease diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
【摘要】 目的 探讨抗氧化应激是否参与参附注射液预处理诱导的肾脏保护作用。 方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠21只随机分为假手术对照组（Sham组）、肾脏缺血再灌注组（I/R组）和参附注射液组（SF组）；SF组给予参附注射液10 mL/kg腹腔注射，每日1次，连续给药7d。麻醉下行右肾切除后，用无损伤动脉夹钳夹左侧肾蒂60min，再灌注24 h，制备肾缺血再灌注损伤动物模型。比较各组SD大鼠再灌注24 h肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶（superonidedismutase，SOD）水平、过氧化氢酶（catalese，CAT）和丙二醛（malonicalaldehyed，MDA）含量。 结果 与Sham组相比，I/R和SF组肾脏组织SOD和CAT显著降低，而MDA明显升高（Plt;0.05）；与I/R组比，参附注射液能明显增加SOD和CAT水平（Plt;0.05），降低MDA含量（Plt;0.05）。 结论 参附注射液预处理可增强缺血再灌注损伤肾脏组织抗氧化应激，其表现为增强SOD和CAT的活力，减少MDA的生成。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the protective effect of Shenfu injection combined with antioxidant system on rats’ kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Twenty-one male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (Sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), and shenfu injection treated group (SF group). The rats were anesthetized with valebarbitone. Bilateral kidneys were exposed through midline incision. The right kidney underwent the nephrectomy and left renal pedicels were occluded for 60 minutes with a traumatic mini-clamp and then unclamped for 24 hours. Animals in SF group received Shenfu injection (10 mL/kg) through intraperitoneal injection every day for 7 days. About 24 hours after reperfusion, superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT and malonical aldehyde (MDA) were measured. Results The levels of MDA were lower in SF group than those in IR group (Plt;0.05). The level of SOD and CAT in SF group increased more significantly than which did in IR group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Our finding suggests that antioxidant system in SF group works more efficiently than IR group to overcome oxidative stress in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
To standardize and improve the reporting quality of digital health implementation research, the Geneva Digital Health Hub has developed the guidelines and checklist for reporting digital health implementations (iCHECK-DH). This paper introduces the background of iCHECK-DH and based on practical application experiences, emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. It focuses on economic cost-effectiveness and local policy guidance in the clinical implementation of digital health technologies. This will provide valuable insights for Chinese scholars when writing implementation reports on digital health technologies.
【摘要】 目的 了解学生对医院感染职业防护的基础知识的认知程度和学习需求。 方法 2010年3月采用自行设计问卷，对参加《医院感染与职业防护》课程学习的医学学生进行摸底调查。 结果 92.73%不知道标准预防措施和锐器伤后的正确处理方法及补救措施；27.27%不知道抽血时应戴手套；25.45%不清楚医务人员“六步洗手法”；90.91%不知晓工作服应交医院统一洗涤。 结论 学生防护知识薄弱，防护行为不全面、不规范。教学应重点帮助学生树立标准预防观念，掌握正确职业防护知识，在临床工作中以避免和减少各种危险因素的侵袭。【Abstract】 Objective To examine and evaluate the students’ knowledge and needs in studying hospital infection control and occupational protection. Methods Using a self-designed questionnaire in March 2010, we did a survey on students who attended the course of hospital infection control and occupational protection. Results Among all the students, 92.73% did not know standard prevention measures, and the correct treatment and remedial measures for sharp injuries; 27.27% did not know gloves should be worn at the time of blood drawing; 25.45% did not know the "six-step" hand-washing; and less than one out of ten students used hospital laundry to wash their uniform. Conclusions The students have a low level of relevant knowledge on occupational protection, and their protection behaviors were not complete or standard. Therefore, the teaching should help and support students to have a concept of standard prevention, and acquire sound knowledge and behavior of occupational protection in order to avoid and reduce the risk factors from their future clinical practices.