ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBM were searched for literature about the effects of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion on the prognosis of patients with NSCLC from the inception to May 2020. Two authors independently screened the literature, extracted and cross-checked data, and negotiated to resolve differences in opinions. Review Manager V5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) software was used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 15 articles were included, including 5 897 patients. There were 1 649 patients in the trial group and 4 248 patients in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall survival of the control group was significantly higher than that of the trial group (OR=0.58, 95%CI 0.47-0.70, P<0.000 01). The disease-free survival of the control group was significantly higher than that of the trial group (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.36-0.52, P<0.000 01). The recurrence rate of the control group was significantly lower than that of the trial group (OR=1.85, 95%CI 1.34-2.55, P=0.000 2).ConclusionPerioperative allogeneic blood transfusion has adverse effects on the recurrence and survival of patients with NSCLC.