ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the association between Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene I/D polymorphism and the risk of cancer. MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 7, 2015), CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to collect case-control studies about the association between TLR2 gene I/D polymorphism and the risk of cancer from inception to July 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 11 case-control studies involving 3 250 cancer patients and 4 332 controls were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that significant association was found between TLR2 gene I/D polymorphism and the risk of cancer (DD+DI vs. Ⅱ:OR=1.60, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.27, P=0.009; DD vs. Ⅱ+DI:OR=1.73, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.66, P=0.01; DD vs. Ⅱ:OR=1.99, 95%CI 1.22 to 3.24, P=0.006; DI vs. Ⅱ:OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.09 to 2.11, P=0.01; D vs. I:OR=1.54, 95%CI 1.14 to 2.09, P=0.005). ConclusionTLR2 gene L/D polymorphism may be associated with cancer risk. Due to the limited quantity and quality of included studies, the conclusion should be verified in further studies.
ObjectiveTo investigate whether subchondral bone microstructural parameters are related to cartilage repair during large osteochondral defect repairing based on three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique. MethodsBiomimetic biphasic osteochondral composite scaffolds were fabricated by using 3-D printing technique. The right trochlea critical sized defects (4.8 mm in diameter, 7.5 mm in depth) were created in 40 New Zealand white rabbits (aged 6 months, weighing 2.5-3.5 kg). Biomimetic biphasic osteochondral composite scaffolds were implanted into the defects in the experimental group (n=35), and no composite scaffolds implantation served as control group (n=5); the left side had no defect as sham-operation group. Animals of experimental and sham-operation groups were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after operation, while animals of control group were sampled at 24 weeks. Subchondral bone microstructural parameters and cartilage repair were quantitatively analyzed using Micro-CT and Wayne scoring system. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied to reveal the relationship between subchondral bone parameters and cartilage repair. The subchondral bone parameters included bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone surface area fraction (BSA/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp). ResultsIn the experimental group, articular cartilage repair was significantly improved at 52 weeks postoperatively, which was dominated by hyaline cartilage tissue, and tidal line formed. Wayne scores at 24 and 52 weeks were significantly higher than that at 16 weeks in the experimental group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between at 24 and 52 weeks (P>0.05); the scores of experimental group were significantly lower than those of sham-operation group at all time points (P<0.05). In the experimental group, new subchondral bone migrated from the surrounding defect to the centre, and subchondral bony plate formed at 24 and 52 weeks. The microstructural parameters of repaired subchondral bone followed a "twin peaks" like discipline to which BV/TV, BSA/BV, and Tb.N increased at 2 and 16 weeks, and then they returned to normal level. The Tb.Sp showed reversed discipline compared to the former 3 parameters, no significant change was found for Tb.Th during the repair process. Correlation analysis showed that BV/TV, BSA/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp were all related with gross appearance score and histology score of repaired cartilage. ConclusionSubchondral bone parameters are related with cartilage repair in critical size osteochondral repair in vivo. Microstructural parameters of repaired subchondral bone follow a "twin peaks" like discipline (osteoplasia-remodeling-osteoplasia-remodeling) to achieve reconstruction, 2nd week and 16th week are critical time points for subchondral bone functional restoration.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on stroke patients with aphasia. MethodsDatabases such as PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 6, 2014), CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data were searched up to June 2014, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about rTMS for stroke patients with aphasia. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 9 RCTs involving 130 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, rTMS improved stoke patients' speech function after treatment (WMD=14.36, 95%CI 6.93 to 21.79, P=0.000 2). The results of descriptive analysis showed that, rTMS at Broadmann area 45 (1 Hz, 90% RMT, once 20 or 30 minutes, 2 or 3 weeks as a course with 2-day intervals) possibly had a positive long-term effect on post-stroke patients' speech function. ConclusionrTMS may positively improve stroke patients' speech function. Due to limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more large-scale, multicenter, high quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo summarize the latest research development of the application of digital design and three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique on individualized medical treatment. MethodsRecent research data and clinical literature about the application of digital design and 3-D printing technique on individualized medical treatment in Xi'an Jiaotong University and its cooperation unit were summarized, reviewed, and analyzed. ResultsDigital design and 3-D printing technique can design and manufacture individualized implant based on the patient's specific disease conditions. And the implant can satisfy the needs of specific shape and function of the patient, reducing dependence on the level of experience required for the doctor. So 3-D printing technique get more and more recognition of the surgeon on the individualized repair of human tissue. Xi'an Jiaotong University is the first unit to develop the commercial 3-D printer and conduct depth research on the design and manufacture of individualized medical implant. And complete technological processes and quality standards of product have been developed. ConclusionThe individualized medical implant manufactured by 3-D printing technique can not only achieve personalized match but also meet the functional requirements and aesthetic requirements of patients. In addition, the individualized medical implant has the advantages of accurate positioning, stable connection, and high strength. So 3-D printing technique has broad prospects in the manufacture and application of individualized implant.