ObjectiveTo investigate the early diagnosis and proper treatment of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT). MethodsThe clinical data of 105 cases of AMVT treated from January 2000 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and abdominal contrast-enhanced CT was 67.6% (71/105), 88.0% (81/92) respectively. The accuracy rate of abdominal cavity puncture or abdominal drainage in the diagnosis of intestinal necrosis was 100% (38/38). All cases received anticoagulation and thrombolysis as soon as the definite diagnosis of AMVT were made. Twenty-five cases underwent emergency operation due to the bowel necrosis at the visiting time, Anticoagulation and thrombolysis were performed in 80 patients, of which 7 patients received surgical treatment because of ineffective anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy. Thrombectomy was performed in 15 cases simultaneously. Surgical treatment of 32 cases, 30 cases were cured and 2 patients died of multiple organ failure or short bowel syndrome within 1 month after operation. Seventy-three cases were treated with anticoagulation therapy alone, 72 patients were cured and discharged, the effective rate was 90.0%, another 1 case died due to cerebral hemorrhage within 1 month after operation. ConclusionsEarly diagnosis of AMVT and bowel necrosis, timely and accurate anticoagulation and thrombolysis, and proper surgical intervention can often achieve satisfactory results.