The aim of this study was to investigate whether shear stress could promote function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)with Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) treatment in vitro, and to study whether shear stress contributed to vascular injury repair by EPCs. EPCs were isolated and characterized; EPCs' proliferation, migration, adhesion, tube formation and eNOS protein level in vitro were investigated by culturing confluent EPCs in 4 mg/mL SBP under physiological shear stress (15 dyne/cm2) for up to 24 hours. Afterwards, EPCs were transfused into rats after wire-induced carotid artery injury augmented re-endothelialization. The results showed that, compared to the SBP group, the shear stress+SBP group obviously enhanced EPCs proliferation, migration, adhesion, tube formation and eNOS protein expression in vitro (P<0.01). After one week, immunofluorescence staining showed that endothelial regeneration rate obviously enhanced in shear stress+SBP group (P<0.01). The present study demonstrates that shear stress can promote function of endothelial progenitor cells treated with SBP, which improves the vascular injury repair potentials of EPCs.
Coronary heart disease is a kind of heart disease that is caused by atherosclerosis.The lipid deposition in the vessel wall results in occlusion of coronary artery and stenosis, which could induce myocardial ischemia and oxygen deficiency. Intervention therapies like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary stent improve myocardial perfusion using catheter angioplasty to reduce stenosis and occlusion of coronary artery lumen. Accordingly, intervention therapies are widely applied in clinic to treat ischemic cardiovascular disease, arterial intima hyperplasia and other heart diseases, which could save the patients′ life rapidly and effectively. However, these interventions also damage the original endothelium, promote acute and subacute thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, and thus induce in stent restenosis (ISR) eventually. Studies indicated that the rapid reendothelialization of damaged section determined postoperative effects. In this review, reendothelialization of implants after intervention therapy is discussed, including the resource of cells contributed on injured artery, the influences of implanted stents on hemodynamic, and the effects of damaged degree on reendothelialization.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in predicting the occurrence of heterotopic ossification by observing the expression of MMP-9 in heterotopic ossification of the early trauma rat model. MethodsA total of 132 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 4-5 weeks, weighing (135.0±6.5) g, were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (n=66). In experimental group, the Achilles tendon was cut off and clamped to prepare heterotopic ossification model; in control group, only Achilles tendon was exposed by making a incision. The general condition of the rats was observed after operation; at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 days after operation, the Achilles tendon tissue was harvested for gross observation, histological observation, and immunohistochemical staining observation; the serum and Achilles tendon tissue were harvested to detect the expressions of MMP-9 protein and mRNA by ELISA and RT-PCR. The X-ray films at 5 and 10 weeks and histological examination at 10 weeks after operation were used to observe heterotopic ossification. ResultsAll rats survived to the end of the experiment. The Achilles tendon had no significant change in control group at each time point, showing normal tendon structure. In experimental group, the hardness of Achilles tendon tissue gradually increased with the time; there were a large number of irregular connective tissue and cartilage cells; and immunohistochemical staining for MMP-9 was positive results. The MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression levels of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression levels of experimental group showed an increasing tendency (P < 0.05). According to the results of X-ray films and histological observation, heterotopic ossification occurred at 10 weeks after operation in experimental group, but no heterotopic ossification was observed in control group. ConclusionIn early heterotopic ossification of rat Achilles tendon, the expression of MMP-9 increases significantly, indicating that it has reference significance in predicting heterotopic ossification.
ObjectiveTo make the model of Wistar suckling rats Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) by liquid nitrogen freezing brain cortex and verify it. Analysed the electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the FCD model, in order to provide theoretical and experimental basis for human FCD diagnosis and treatment. MethodsTake the first day of Wistar suckling rats as experimental object, liquid nitrogen freezing Wistar suckling rats brain cortex.Make examination of EEG and MRI for Wistar suckling rats. The Brain tissue slice of Wistar suckling rats model dyed by HE and check with light microscope examination. ResultsIn experiment group, the sample epileptic discharge rate of EEG was about 41.6% on average, and showed visible spike wave, spine slow wave frequency distribution. Experimental Wistar suckling rats MRI showed positive performance for long T1 and long T2 signal, brain tissue slices HE staining showed brain cortex layer structure and columnar structure disorder, exist abnormal neurons and the balloon sample cells. ConclusionThe method of liquid nitrogen freezing Wistar suckling rats cortex can established FCDⅢd animal models successfully, and showed specific EEG and MRI, which has important value for diagnosis and treatment of human FCD.
ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) inhibitor and non-selective COX2 inhibitor drugs in prevention of heterotopic ossification in rats model so as to provide reference for clinical drugs selection of heterotopic ossification prevention. MethodsFifty male Sprague Dawley rats, 6 to 8 weeks old, weight (190.0±8.5) g, were selected; the right Achilles tendon was cut off to induce ectopic bone formation. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10):on the 1st day after modeling, celecoxib was given in groups A[2 mg/(kg·d)] and B[10 mg/(kg·d)], indomethacin in groups C[(2 mg/(kg·d) and D[10 mg/(kg·d)], and 2 mL of saline in group E for 10 weeks. The general condition of rats was observed after operation. At 5 and 10 weeks after operation, X-ray films of the right lower limb were taken to observe new bone formation. At 10 weeks after operation, the right Achilles tendon tissue was harvested for histological observation. Based on X-ray and histological results, heterotopic ossification was assessed. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate COX2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression levels in local Achilles tendon. ResultsDuring the experiment, 5 rats died (2 in group B, 1 in group C, and 2 in group D), the other rats survived to the end of the experiment. General observation of Achilles tendon tissue showed that the tendon tissue volume of group B was the smallest, with soft texture and no cartilage-like tissue; the tendon tissue volume of group E was the biggest, with hard texture and cartilage-like tissue. The incidence of heterotopic ossification was 80.0% (8/10), 25.0% (2/8), 88.9% (8/9), 50.0% (4/8), and 100% (10/10) in groups A-E respectively at 10 weeks after operation; significant differences were found between groups B, D and group E (P=0.002,P=0.023) and between groups B and C (P=0.015), but no significant difference was found among the other groups (P>0.05). COX2 expression level in groups B and D was significantly lower than that in group E (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among the other groups (P>0.05); BMP-2 expression level in group B was significantly lower than that in groups A, C, and E (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among the other groups (P>0.05). ConclusionCelecoxib at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·d) can effectively reduce the incidence of heterotopic ossification in rats.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of arthroscopic intercondylar fossa angioplasty on the ability of neuromuscular control of the knee joint in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). MethodsBetween June 2012 and March 2013, 20 elderly patients with KOA and in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent arthroscopic intercondylar fossa angioplasty (operation group), and 20 healthy elderly people served as control group. There was no significant difference in age, height, weight, and body mass index between 2 groups (P>0.05). The proprioception capability (using passive regeneration test at measurement angles of 15, 30, and 60°) and quadriceps mobilization [including maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), central activation ratio (CAR), and activation deficit (AD)] were measured to avaluate the neuromuscular control of the knee;the Lysholm score was used to evaluate knee function. The above indexes were measured to assess the knee neuromuscular control and recovery of joint function in patients of operation group at 3, 6, and 9 months after operation. ResultsCompared with the control group, MVC, CAR, and Lysholm scores were significantly decreased, and the AD and passive knee angle difference were significantly increased in operation group (P<0.05) before operation. With the time after operation, the Lysholm score, CAR, and MVC increased gradually, and the AD and the passive knee angle difference decreased gradually. There was no significant difference in the indexes between 2 groups at 9 months after operation (P>0.05). ConclusionArthroscopic intercondylar fossa angioplasty can relieve ACL pressure, abrasion, and impact, which will recover the ability of neuromuscular control, increase proprioception and quadriceps mobilization capacity, and improve the joint function.
This study aimed to characterize and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) track the mesenchymal stem cells labeled with polylysine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (PLL-SPIO). Rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were labeled with 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL PLL-SPIO for 24 hours. The labeling efficiency was assessed by iron content, Prussian blue staining, electron microscopy and in vitro MR imaging. The labeled cells were also analyzed for cytotoxicity and differentiation potential. Electron microscopic observations and Prussian blue staining revealed that 75%-100% of cells were labeled with iron particles. PLL-SPIO did not show any cytotoxicity up to 100 μg/mL concentration. Both 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL PLL-SPIO labeled stem cells did not exhibit any significant alterations in the adipo/osteo/chondrogenic differentiation potential compared to unlabeled control cells. The lower concentration of 25 μg/mL iron labeled cells emitted an obvious dark signal in T1W, T2WI and T2*WI MR image. The novel PLL-SPIO enables to label and track rMSCs for in vitro MRI without cellular alteration. Therefore PLL-SPIO may potentially become a better MR contrast agent especially in tracking the transplanted stem cells and other cells without compromising cell functional quality.
ObjectiveTo explore surgical methods and risk factors of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). MethodsClinical data of 28 ALCAPA patients who underwent surgical repair from October 1993 to September 2013 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. There were 8 male and 20 female patients with their age of 0.6-l6.8 (4.3±0.7)years including 10 patients less than 1 years old. Surgical procedures included simple ligation of left coronary artery, intrapulmonary tunnel procedure (Takeuchi)and direct coronary reimplantation of the anomalous artery. Postoperative death, complication and cardiac function were observed. ResultsAmong the 28 patients, 1 patient received simple ligation of left coronary artery, and 7 patients received intrapulmonary tunnel procedure (Takeuchi), among whom 2 patients died postoperatively. Twenty patients received direct implantation of the anomalous artery into the ascending aorta, and 3 patients died postoperatively. Five patients who died postoperatively were 10.20±3.27 months old, including 3 patients with moderate mitral regurgitation (MR)and 2 patients with mild MR preoperatively. Preoperative heart function of the patients who died postoperatively was significantly reduced. Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction of the patients who died postoperatively was significantly lower than that of the patients who survived (36.6%±8.5% vs. 60.9%±10.7%, P=0.000). Low cardiac output syndrome was the reason for all postoperative death. All survival patients were followed up from 1 month to 18 years. One patient who underwent intra-pulmonary tunnel procedure (Takeuchi)received pulmonary artery balloon dilatation for pulmonary supravalvular stenosis 15 years after discharge. None of the other patients received a secondary operation. During follow-up, left ventricular function was improved. Growth and development of all the patients was normal. MR did not significantly aggravate in all the patients. ConclusionPatients with younger age and worse left ventricular function have greater surgical risks of ALCAPA.
This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the biological activity in different passage populations of mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from bone marrow in ovariectomy osteoporotic rats (named OVX-rBMSCs), providing experimental basis for new osteoporotic drug development and research. OVX-rBMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro by the whole bone marrow adherent screening method. The morphological observation, cell surface markers (CD29, CD45, CD90) detection, cell proliferation, induced differentiation experimental detection were performed to evaluate the biological activity of Passage 1, 2, 3, 4 populations (P1, P2, P3, P4) OVX-rBMSCs. The results showed that whole bone marrow adherent culture method isolated and differentially subcultured OVX-The morphology of P4 OVX-rBMSCs was identical fibroblast-like and had the characteristics of ultrastructure of stem cells. The CD29 positive cells rate, CD90 positive cells rate, cell proliferation index, and the osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic differentiation capacities of P4 OVX-rBMSCs were significantly better than those of other populations (P < 0.05). OVX-rBMSCs purity and biological activity were gradually optimized with the passaged, and among them P4 cells were superior to all the other populations. Based on these results, we report that the P4 OVX-rBMSCs model developed in this study can be used to develop a new and effective medical method for osteoporotic drug screening.