ObjectiveTo comprehend the incidence of and to search for the possible risk factors for neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) in Mianyang after "5·12" Earthquake. MethodsCHD screening was performed on 5536 neonates born between December 2011 and December 2012 by cardiac auscultation, respiration evaluation, blood oxygen saturation determination and color doppler flow imaging. Case control study was applied to study the diagnosed cases of CHD. ResultsSixty-five cases of CHD were found during the screening, and the incidence was 11.74‰. The most common CHD was ventricular septal defect, followed by atrial septum defect and patent ductusarteriosus. Possible risk factors were listed in order of their risks were as follows:family history of CHD, infection history in the early period of pregnancy, drug and alcohol history during pregnancy, and aged pregnancy and smoking history of the parents. However, earthquake experience history of parents was not correlated with CHD incidence. ConclusionEarthquake experience of parents is not correlated with CHD incidence. Enforcing health education for women before gestation, and avoiding or decreasing risk factors exposure can reduce the risk of CHD. CHD screening for neonates can detect CHD as early as possible, which is helpful for intervention during the follow-up, reduction of fatality, and improvement of neonates' quality of life.