Hydroxychloroquine is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and skin diseases, mainly for the treatment of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. Hydroxychloroquine has many benefits to patients, but long-term use of the drug may lead to retinal chronic toxicity changes, seriously affect the patient’s vision and quality of their lives. However, there are few studies on retinal toxicity of hydroxychloroquine in the world, easy to miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis. ophthalmologists should increase the knowledge with the etiology and pathology of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity, through relevant auxiliary check early detection of the drug to the retina and timely suggest patients to stop, so as not to cause further retinal toxicity damage.