Objective To compare the positive rate of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glyco- protein between primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） tissues and paratumor tissues， and to explore the relationship between the 3 kinds of proteins and pathological features of HCC. Methods Thirty-two HCC tissues and 26 paratumor tissues resected from patients with HCC treated in our hospital from Feb. 2009 to Aug. 2010 were enrolled. Clinical data were also collected from files. The expressions of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein were tested by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rate of zinc finger protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein in HCC tissues were 87.5%（28/32）， 81.3%（26/32）， and 65.6%（21/32）， respectively， which were higher than that in paratumor tissues〔61.5%（16/26）， 34.6%（9/26）， and 30.8%（8/26）， respectively〕， P＜0.05. The three kinds of proteins were all closely related with HbsAg， and zinc finger protein A20 was related with cirrhosis in addition （P＜0.05）. Conclusions The positive rate of zinc protein A20， NF-κB p65 protein， and P-glycoprotein are much higher in primary HCC tissues than that in paratumor tissus， and they may play an important role in preoperative determination of hepatic tumors.
Objective To analyze the difference in the incidence of postoperative pancreatic leakage and anasto-motic bleeding complications in various methods of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD）. Methods The clinical data of 526 patients underwent pancreaticojejunostomy from January 2008 to September 2012 in this hospital were analyzed retrospectively. End-to-side “pancreatic duct to jejunum mucosa-to-mucosa” anastomosis （abbreviation：mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis） was performed in 359 patients， which contained 149 patients with internal drainage， 130 patients with external drainage， and 80 patients with no drainage. End-to-side invaginated anastomosis was performedin 165 patients without drainage. In addition， side-to-side anastomosis was performed in 2 patients without drainage.Results There were 34 cases （6.46%） of pancreatic leakage， 8 cases （1.52%） of anastomotic bleeding in pancreaticoje-junostomy， and 32 cases of death （6.08%）. ① The pancreatic leakage rate of mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis was signi-ficantly lower than that of end-to-side invaginated anastomosis 〔4.18% （15/359） versus 11.52% （19/165）， χ2=10.029， P=0.002〕. There was no significant difference of the anastomotic bleeding incidence between mucosa-to-mucosa anasto-mosis and end-to-side invaginated anastomosis 〔1.67% （6/359） versus 1.21% （2/165）， χ2=0.159， P=0.691〕. ② In the mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis group， the pancreatic leakage rates in the ones with internal drainage and external drainage were lower than those in the ones without drainage， respectively （2.68% （4/149） versus 11.25% （9/80）， χ2=7.132， P=0.008；1.54% （2/130） versus 11.25% （9/80）， χ2=9.410， P=0.002）；which was no significant difference between the ones with internal drainage and external drainage 〔2.68% （4/149） versus 1.54% （2/130）， χ2=0.433， P=0.510〕. But there were no significant differences for both the pancreatic leakage 〔2.68% （4/149） versus 1.54% （2/130）， χ2=0.433， P=0.510〕and anastomotic bleeding incidence 〔2.68% （4/149） versus 1.54% （2/130）， χ2=0.433， P=0.510〕 between the ones with internal drainage and external drainage. Conclusions Mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis has a lower pancreatic leakage incidence as compared with end-to-side invaginated anastomosis. However， there is no significant difference of the anast-omotic bleeding incidence. Internal or external drainage could reduce the incidence of pancreatic leakage， but have no obvious effect to the anastomotic bleeding incidence.
Objective To know more about the correlation between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and ischemic stroke among young and middle-aged people through analysis on various risk factors of ischemic stroke. Methods Eighty-three patients with cerebral infarction from 15 to 55 years old diagnosed for the first time in the Department of Neurology of Xianyang Hospital between January 2016 and January 2017 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into two groups, PFO group (n=42) and non-PFO group (n=41). Seventy-eight heathy people from the Physical Examination Department of the same hospital were selected as controls. All patients and heathy subjects underwent transcranial Doppler (TCD) foaming experiments, and the occurrence and shunt volume of PFO were observed. General information and cerebrovascular disease risk factors of the patients were investigated. Results The age of subjects in PFO and non-PFO groups was not significantly different (P>0.05). Among the risk factors, there was no significant difference between the PFO and non-PFO groups in drinking history (P>0.05). The incidences of other ischemic stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and carotid arteriosclerosis) in the PFO group were significantly lower than those in the non-PFO group (P<0.05). The rank sum test results showed that large and medium shunt rates of the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions PFO may be one of the cause of ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged people. Pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is likely to have a relationship with the severity of the shunt from right to left.