ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of medication compliance in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients.MethodsUsing phenomenological research methods, a semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted on 19 inpatients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Department of Changsha Central Hospital between April and August 2019, and the data were coded, analyzed, sorted out, summarized, and extracted.ResultsThe influencing factors of medication compliance in patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis could be divided into two categories: promoting factors and hindering factors. The promoting factors included the patient’s own factors (emphasis on medication therapy, desire for medication knowledge, and efforts to solve medication difficulties) and social factors (family support). The hindering factors included the patient’s own factors (lack of knowledge about tuberculosis, and severe negative emotions), drug treatment factors (fear of adverse drug reactions, and complicated medication plans), and social factors (increased financial burden).ConclusionsDrug compliance of patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis is affected by patients, family members, medical staff and social environment. Nursing staff should develop personalized drug plan to improve the patients’ drug compliance.