Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of foscarnet sodium in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMbase, The Cochrane Library and CNKI from 1978 to June 2006. Randomized controlled trials of foscarnet sodium versus other drugs or no drugs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B were identified. The quality of the included trials was evaluated by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was done using The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.7. Results Seven studies (337 patients) were included; one compared foscarnet sodium versus interferon, and the other six compared foscarnet sodium versus no drugs. All the included studies were graded in terms of the quality of randomization, allocation concealment and blinding. All 7 studies were graded as level C. The meta-analysis showed that: ① foscarnet sodium was not significantly different from interferon in clinical efficacy, liver function, negative-conversion rate of virological markers and side effects. ② compared with the no drugs group, the negative-conversion rate of virological markers was significantly higher for the foscarnet sodium group, HBeAg (RR 6.20, 95%CI 1.76 to 21.79) and HBV-DNA (RR 4.13, 95%CI 1.32 to 12.86); but there were no significant differences in clinical efficacy, liver function and side effects. Conclusions Available evidence shows that: in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B the effectiveness and safety of foscarnet sodium are not significantly different from interferon, but only one trial is included in this review, so the evidence is weak. Compared with no drugs, foscarnet sodium significantly improves the negative-conversion rate of virological markers, but the evidence is insufficient to show whether foscarnet sodium could improve clinical efficacy and liver function, as well as reduce side effects.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of foscarnet and ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods We searched MEDLINE (1966 to 2005.12), EMBASE (1974 to Dec.2005), The Cochrane Library (Issue 4,2005), CBM (1978 to Dec.2005), CMCC (1994 to Dec. 2005), CNKI (1994 to Dec. 2005) and VIP (1989 to Dec. 2005). We identified randomized controlled trials of foscarnet versus ganciclovir. Two independent reviewers collected and evaluated details of study populations, interventions, and outcomes using a data extraction form. We conducted meta-analysis of the homoeonomous data. Result Three studies involving 451 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed foscarnet was better than ganciclovir with the following outcomes: mortality (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.70 to 1.00, P=0.05); male genital ulcers (RR=1.29, 95%CI 0.60 to 2.82, P=0.002). There were no significant differences in ocular symptoms, relapses and other side effects. Conclusion Foscarnet in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients may be more benefical than ganciclovir with regard to mortality and male genital ulcers, but the supporting evidence is not very b because there are only three trials.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the purchase willingness rate and influencing factors of long-term care insurance in Chinese population.MethodsCNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, EMbase and PubMed databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the purchase willingness rate of long-term care insurance in China from inception to March 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 66 cross-sectional studies involving 151 231 subjects were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the purchase willingness rate of long-term care insurance in China was 52.4% (95%CI 48.1% to 56.8%). Subgroup analysis showed that: among the sample characteristic factors, residents who were from the central region of China (56.4%), being studied after 2016 (53.3%), and residing in pilot regions (53.1%) had a higher willingness rate to purchase long-term care insurance. Among demographic factors, the research considered factors of residence and family size (56.2%) contributed to a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance, and residents with monthly income from 1 000 yuan to 5 000 yuan (55.4%) and who were unmarried (55.3%) had a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance. Among health and concept factors, the research considered factors of insurance and government trust (57.3%), factor of number of chronic diseases (55.0%), and factor of health risk cognition (52.4%) contributed to a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance. Among the factors of long-term care insurance system, factor of the government subsidy (60.6%), factor of long-term care insurance price (58.0%) and factor of payment methods (56.2%) contributed a higher willingness to purchase long-term care insurance.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that over half of residents are willing to purchase long-term care insurance. However, different factors still affect their purchase willingness. The influencing factors reflect numerous difficulties in the current long-term care insurance system, which requires attention and continuous improvement of policy formulators and related researchers.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection in treating viral hepatitis.Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and CNKI from 1978 to June 2007. We identified randomized control led trials of Kai Shi injection versus other medicines or blank controlin treating viral hepatitis. The quality of included trials was evaluated independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed with The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.7 software. Results Fourteen studies involving 1 218 patients were included, one of these compared lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection versus Mai Anding injection, one compared lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection versus potassium-magnesium aspartate injection, and the other 12 compared Lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection versus blank control. Allincluded studies were assessed in terms of randomization, allocation concealment and blinding; and all were graded C(poor quality). Meta-analyses showed that, the total effective rate was significantly higher in the lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection group[RR 1.45, 95%CI (1.29, 1.63)] and the mortality was lower[RR 0.66, 95%CI (0.53, 0.83)] compared with the blank control group, but the incidence of phlebitis was significantlyhigher [RR 7.70, 95%CI (2.57, 23.07)]. There was no significant di f ference between Mai Anding inject ion and lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection in the total effective rate, but Lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection was more effective in improving patients’ liver functions. Compared with potassium-magnesium aspartate injection, the total effective rate was significantly higher in the lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection group[RR1.54, 95%CI (1.14, 2.08)].Conclusion The evidence currently available shows that the effectiveness and safety of lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection are not significantly different from those of Mai Anding injection for patients with viral hepatitis. Compared with potassium-magnesium aspartate injection, Lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection could significantly improve the total effective rate, but since we only include 1 relevant randomized trials, the strength of this evidence is weak. When compared with the blank control, Lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection significantly improved the total effective rate, decreased mortality but increased the incidence of side effects and the existing evidence is insufficiant to show whether Lipo-prostaglandin E1 injection improves patients’ liver functions.