Objective To review the research progress on the role of Schwann cells in regulating bone regeneration. MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature about the behavior of Schwann cells related to bone regeneration, multiple tissue repair ability, nutritional effects of their neurotrophic factor network, and their application in bone tissue engineering was extensively reviewed. ResultsAs a critical part of the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells regulate the expression level of various neurotrophic factors and growth factors through the paracrine effect, and participates in the tissue regeneration and differentiation process of non-neural tissues such as blood vessels and bone, reflecting the nutritional effect of neural-vascular-bone integration. ConclusionTaking full advantage of the multipotent differentiation ability of Schwann cells in nerve, blood vessel, and bone tissue regeneration may provide novel insights for clinical application of tissue engineered bone.