In current domestic research on laparoscopic training, researchers usually consider instrument movement path in the hand-eye coordination relationship. However, they ignore the information contained in visual cues by which could guide and control instrument movements. Studies in other areas have shown that trainers can improve their perceptual-motor skills by gaze training. This paper was designed to examine the effectiveness of eye gaze tracking technology in laparoscopic training and to analyze gaze strategy of the subjects in different training methods. The Tobii X1 Light Eye Tracker was used to track the gaze position of subjects when they were performing the two-handed transferring task in box trainer, and to obtain parameters related to gaze strategy including the efficiency of task completion, as well as visual search, visual processing and observation transfer analysis based on Markov chain model. The results showed that the completion time during the last training in gaze training group was decreased by 101.5 s comparing to the first training. Compared with video training group, gaze strategy of gaze training group has a significant change, such as fixation and saccade duration rate was increased by 38%, fixation duration on target area was increased, and saccade amplitude increased by 0.58°, and the probability of the fixation point transferring to equipment decreased by 15%. The results demonstrated that eye gaze tracking technology can be used in laparoscopic training, and can improve the subjects’ skills and shorten the learning curve by learning gaze strategies of experts.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic simulation training with different attention. Attention was appraised using the sample entropy and θ/β value, which were calculated according to electroencephalograph (EEG) signal collected with BrainLink. The effect of laparoscopic simulation training was evaluated using the completion time, error number and fixation number, which were calculated according to eye movement signal collected with Tobii eye tracker. Twenty volunteers were recruited in this study. Those with the sample entropy lower than 0.77 were classified into group A and those higher than 0.77 into group B. The results showed that the sample entropy of group A was lower than that of group B, and fluctuations of A were more steady. However, the sample entropy of group B showed steady fluctuations in the first five trainings, and then demonstrated relatively dramatic fluctuates in the later five trainings. Compared with that of group B, the θ/β value of group A was smaller and shows steady fluctuations. Group A has a shorter completion time, less errors and faster decrease of fixation number. Therefore, this study reached the following conclusion that the attention of the trainees would affect the training effect. Members in group A, who had a higher attention were more efficient and faster training. For those in group B, although their training skills have been improved, they needed a longer time to reach a plateau.
ObjectiveTo systematic review the efficacy and safety of acupuncture on patients with sepsis.MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were searched. The retrieval time was from the inception to October 1st, 2019. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about acupuncture on the sepsis were screened. Two researchers independently screened the articles, extracted and analyzed the data, evaluated the risk of bias included in the study. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 20 RCTs involving 1 337 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences between the acupuncture group with conventional treatment in 28-day mortality [RR=0.69, 95%CI (0.5, 0.9), P=0.03], APACHE II score at 3rd day [MD=−2.4, 95%CI (−3.68, −1.12), P=0.0002] and 7th day [MD=−4.37, 95%CI (−6.32, −2.21), P<0.0001], length of the ICU stay [MD=−1.54, 95%CI (−2.81, −0.27), P=0.02], the effective rate for improved gastrointestinal function [RR=1.5, 95%CI (1.09, 2.06), P=0.01], concentrations of PCT [MD=−2.23, 95%CI (−3.33, −1.13), P<0.001] and TNF-α [MD=-14.86, 95%CI (−23.74, −5.97), P=0.001] at 7th day. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups about the CD8+ count at 7th day [MD=1.65, 95%CI (−0.32, 3.62), P=0.1].ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that acupuncture may be a potential treatment method for sepsis patients. Due to the limited quantity and quality of included studios, the above conclusions are needed to be verified by more high-quality studies.