目的 报道临床药师参与抗结核药物致结核性胸膜炎待诊患者多形红斑型药疹的临床药学实践的经验。 方法 1例结核性胸膜炎待诊患者在2011年11月3日出现皮疹后，临床药师根据患者的用药情况及病情变化，提供咨询意见，与临床医师共同制定不良反应的临床处理措施。 结果 推断为链霉素所致的多形红斑型药疹，积极处理后患者病情好转。 结论 临床药师参与药学监护，有利于处理药物不良反应。
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different doses of interferon alfa (INF-α) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods Such databases as MEDLINE, EMbase, CENTRAL, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different doses of INF-α in the treatment of CHC published before August, 2012. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies, and then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. Results A total of 13 RCTs involving 1 442 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis on different doses of INF-α showed that, a) There was no significant difference in the complete response rate between the 3 MU dose group and the 1 MU dose group (RR=0.83, 95%CI 0.52 to 1.32, P=0.43), but there was significant difference in the sustained response rate between those 2 groups (RR=1.89, 95%CI 1.00 to 3.59, P=0.05); and b) No significant differences were found in the complete response rate among the 3 MU dose group, the 6 MU dose group, and the 1 MU dose group. Conclusion INF-α in dose of 3 MU, 3 times daily, is effective in treating CHC, but it would not rule out that higher dose takes more effective action. When INF-α is used to treat CHC, an individualized medication should be applied according to patients’ tolerance and economic status.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods The following databases as The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2011), PubMed (1978 to May 2011), EMbase (1974 to May 2011), CNKI (1978 to May 2011), VIP (1989 to May 2011) and CBM (1978 to May 2011) were searched. The quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration system review, and then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0. Results A total of 7 RCTs were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that HbA1c was significantly reduced in the saxagliptin group than that in placebo group (MD= –0.69, 95%CI –0.78 to –0.60, Plt;0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the incident rate of adverse reaction between two groups (RR=1.02, 95%CI 0.98 to 1.06, P=0.26). Conclusion Saxagliptin is effective and safe for type 2 diabetes. But its long-term efficacy and safety still need to be confirmed by performing more high quality, large sample RCTs with long-term follow-up.
Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of erlotinib for the elderly with Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Databases including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data were electronically searched for relevant randomized controlled trails (RCTs). Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. Results Totally 5 studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the objective response rate and stable disease rate was similar between the erlotinib group and the control group with no significant difference (RR=0.99, 95%CI 0.34 to 2.93, P=0.99; RR=1.17, 95%CI 0.95 to 1.43, P=0.14). The incidences of Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were lower in the erlotinib group than those in the control group (OR=0.12, 95%CI 0.03 to 0.52, P=0.005; OR=0.19, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.91, P=0.04); and the incidences of nausea and vomiting as wel as liver impairments were alike between the two groups (OR=0.93, 95%CI 0.12 to 7.08, P=0.95; OR=0.80, 95%CI 0.24 to 2.68, P=0.71); the incidences of diarrhea and skin rashes in the erlotinib group were higher (OR=5.96, 95%CI 1.28 to 27.88, P=0.02; OR=6.77, 95%CI 1.52 to 30.10, P=0.01). Conclusion Current evidence shows that, erlotinib is effective and safe in treating the elderly with NSCLC with better effects and no serious adverse reaction. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high quality studies with large sample size and long-term follow-up are still needed to verify the above conclusion.
【摘要】 目的 探讨非诺贝特致药品不良反应（ADRs）的一般规律和特点。 方法 检索PubMed（1978年-2009年8月）、中国期刊全文数据库CNKI（1980年-2009年8月）、中国生物医学文献数据库CBMDise（1980年-2009年8月）非诺贝特所致ADRs文献，进行统计、分析。 结果 非诺贝特致ADRs多发生在gt;40岁年龄段，与性别无显著关联；64例ADRs主要涉及骨骼肌肉系统、消化系统、泌尿生殖系统、过敏反应，及时处理者预后良好。 结论 临床上应重视非诺贝特所致ADRs，及时处理。【Abstract】 Objective To analyse the clinical features, correlation factors, preventions and cures of (adverse drug reactions, ADRs) caused by fenofibrate. Methods The cases of ADRs caused by fenofibrate were collected and analyzed from Pubmed (1978 - August 2009), CNKI (1980 - August 2009) and CBMDise (1980 - August 2009). Results Fenofibrate-induced ADRs were mostly seen in patients over 40 years old, but which was independent for sex. Totally, 64 ADRs were involved in the skeletal musculature system, digestive system, urinogenital system, and allergic response. The prognosis was favorable. Conclusion More attention should be given to patients with fenofibrate and ADRs should be treated as soon as possibile.
Objective To analyze outpatient pharmacy internal prescription dispensing errors list and raise suggestions on preventive measures, in order to provide better and safer medical service for patients. Methods We summarized and analyzed the prescription dispensing error types and causes based on 320 cases of internal prescription dispensing errors of the outpatient pharmacy in a hospital of the highest rank between January and June 2014. Then, we put forward suggestions on improvement measures. Six months after the implementation of these measures, we compared the error rate after dispensing between January and June 2014 with those between July and December 2014. Results Among all the 320 prescription dispensing errors, 120 (37.50%) were wrong medication amount, 101 (31.57%) were wrong drugs, 76 (23.75%) were wrong usage and dosage, 17 (5.31%) were wrong packaging specification, and 6 (1.87%) were wrong medication form. The dispensing error rate between July and December 2014 was reduced compared with the rate between January and June 2014. The error rate after dispensing declined from 0.01‰ to 0.006‰. Conclusion Encouraging drug dispensing personnel to issue internal dispensing error recording list for the staff who had errors in dispensing, promoting pharmacists’ professional quality, strengthening the management of outpatient pharmacy, reasonable storage of medicines, enhancing intervention of irrational prescriptions, improving the spatial layout of the pharmacy, and perfecting dispensing error management system, can in a large extent reduce medication errors.
Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and model building process of heparin treatment for animal model with smoke inhalation injury. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched to collect animal experiments about the treatment of heparin for animal model with smoke inhalation injury from inception to November 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of nine studies involving 11 animal experiments were included. The results showed that building animal model with smoke inhalation injury were through burning of cotton towels or pine sawdust by sheep or rats below 40℃. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in mortality rate between two groups (heparin group vs. control group: RR=0.38, 95%CI 0.14 to 1.05, P=0.06; heparin plus DMSO group vs. DMSO group: RR=0.10, 95%CI 0.01 to 1.51, P=0.10). In addition, the pulmonary artery pressure (MD=–3.31, 95%CI –4.51 to –2.11, P<0.000 01), wet to dry weight ratio (MD=–0.90, 95%CI –1.19 to –0.61, P<0.000 01), and lung water content (MD=–1.18, 95%CI –1.67 to –0.70, P<0.000 01) of the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. PaO2/FiO2 after 12 hours (MD=131.00, 95%CI 59.54 to 202.46, P=0.000 3), PaO2/FiO2 after 24 hours (MD=114.00, 95%CI 60.56 to 167.44, P<0.000 1), PaO2/FiO2 after 48 hours (MD=46.00, 95%CI 20.62 to 71.38, P=0.000 4) were higher than those in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in coagulation function between both groups. Conclusion The current evidence shows that the establishment of animal model of smoke inhalation injury is still lack of standard method. Heparin can decrease pulmonary artery pressure and lung water content in animal models with smoke inhalation injury. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, the above conclusions are still needed to be verified by more high quality studies.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of Tongxinluo Capsule in the treatment of vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency. Methods The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, VIP and CNKI were searched. Two authors independently collected data, including randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria. They evaluated the quality of these trials and performed meta-analysis using The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.0. Results Eleven studies involving 1157 participants were included. All the included studies were inadequate at reporting randomization, concealment of allocation and blinding. Meta-analysis based on the included studies showed that Tongxinluo Capsule with Danshen was better than Danshen alone in vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency (RR= 1.35, 95%CI 1.24 to 1.48) and blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar artery (WMD=3.60, 95%CI 2.44 to 4.77 and WMD=3.46, 95%CI 1.89 to 5.04). Tongxinluo Capsule with simple basic therapy was better than simple basic therapy alone in vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency (RR=1.21, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.31) and blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar artery (WMD=3.85, 95%CI 2.19 to 5.51). Conclusion Tongxinluo Capsule is an effective and safe drug for vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, we can not draw a firm conclusion about the effectiveness of Tongxinluo Capsule compared to the simple basic therapy or Danshen. The results suggest that further and larger-scale trials using Tongxinluo Capsule for vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency are needed.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the thromboembolic risk of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors. MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2025. Quality was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias-2. Stata 15 software was used for network meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 68 randomized controlled trials with a sample size of 39 059 were included. Findings did not show a significant difference between JAK inhibitors and placebo, methotrexate, tumor necrosis factor -α inhibitor, apremilast, otilimab in the risk of thromboembolism. ConclusionJAK inhibitors do not increase thromboembolism risk. To clarify the long-term safety of JAK inhibitors, future large-scale real-world studies with long-term follow-up are needed, especially in patients at risk of thromboembolism.
目的 了解2007年-2008年成都地区17家医院消化系统药物的使用状况。 方法 采用限定日剂量（DDD）的方法，对成都地区2007年-2008年17家医院消化系统用药的销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）等进行统计分析。 结果 2007-2008年成都地区17家医院消化系统用药总金额分别为12 527.89万元和16 446.21万元，居所有药物销售总额的第5位。在金额排序和用药频度排序中，抗溃疡药、肝病用药居于前列。 结论 消化系统药物的应用状态与同期的整体增长保持一致，相比上一年略有上涨。抗溃疡药中的质子泵抑制剂以其优异的性价比，引领着消化系统药物销售额的增长。