Objective To investigate the short-term effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with SL-PLUS MIA femoral stem prosthesis by comparing with the SL-PLUS prosthesis. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 33 patients (38 hips) undergoing THA with SL-PLUS MIA femoral stem prosthesis (trial group) between June and December 2011, which was compared with those of 35 patients (40 hips) with SL-PLUS prosthesis (control group) during the same period. There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, etiology, preoperative range of motion (ROM) of hip, and preoperative Harris score between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The incision length, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were recorded during operation. The improvement of hip joint function was evaluated according to Harris score criteria. The ROM of hip was measured, and the X-ray film was taken to observe the position of prosthesis. Results Trial group had shorter incision length, less operation time, and less intraoperative blood loss than control group, showing significant differences (P lt; 0.05). All wounds healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 10-16 months (mean, 13.6 months). During follow-up, 5 cases (5 hips) of control group and 3 cases (3 hips) of trial group still had pain of hips. At last follow-up, the ROM of hip was (152.48 ± 9.68)° in trial group and (152.16 ± 8.18)° in control group, the Harris score was 91.4 ± 2.9 in trial group and 90.9 ± 1.8 in control group; there were significant differences when compared with preoperative values (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). X-ray films showed good position of the prosthesis with no displacement, loosening, or subsidence in both groups. Conclusion SL-PLUS MIA femoral stem prosthesis has less surgical trauma and blood loss than SL-PLUS prosthesis during THA. The short-term effectiveness is satisfactory, but the long-term effectiveness still needs further observation.