ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with 180° trabeculotomy assisted by gonioscopy (GT) and combined glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with cataract. MethodsThe patients with POAG and cataract in the ophthalmology center of the People’s Hospital of Leshan from June 2021 to March 2022 were included. The patients were divided into GT group and GFS group according to surgical methods. Intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR, number of anti-glaucoma drugs used, success rate, and complications were compared between the two groups after 1-year followed-up. ResultsA total of 27 patients (43 eyes) in the GT group and 26 patients (34 eyes) in the GFS group were included. There was no significant difference in baseline between the two groups (P>0.05). BCVA logMAR in the GT group was lower than that in the GFS group at 1 year after surgery, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The postoperative IOP in GT group was lower than that in GFS group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in total effective rate, the number of anti-glaucoma drugs and the incidence of complications between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). ConclusionPhacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with GT is safe and effective in the treatment of POAG with cataract and has a good effect on reducing IOP.