ObjectiveTo explore the light sensitivity and kinetic of the new optogenetics tools Channelrhodopsin-XXM2.0 (XXM2.0) and Channelrhodopsin-PsCatCh2.0 (PsCatCh2.0), and analyze whether they could be used to restore the visual function by optogenetics.MethodsMolecular biology techniques were used to link the gene fragments of XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 to the vector pCIG(c)-msFoxn3 containing ampicillin resistant screening gene and reporter gene to form new plasmid pCIG(c)-msFoxn3-XXM2.0 and pCIG(c)-msFoxn3-PsCatCh2.0. The constructed plasmids were transfected into HEK 293T cells, and light responses were recorded in the whole cell mode with the HEKA patch clamp system. The photocurrent was recorded under three light intensity included 2.7×1016, 4.7×1015, and 6.4×1014 photons/(cm2·s). And then, XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 were stimulated with 2.7×1016 photons/(cm2·s) and fully recovered. The opening and closing time constants were analyzed with Clampfit 10.6 software. At the same light intensity, photocurrents of XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 were recorded by the light pulse stimulating of 2-32 Hz. The current attenuation was analyzed at long intervals of 4000 ms and short intervals of 200 ms after repeated stimulation. Comparisons between groups were performed by independent samples t test.ResultsRestriction endonuclease sites of EcoRⅠ and EcoRⅤ were successfully introduced at XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 sequences. When the digestion was completed, they were ligated by T4 DNA ligase to construct new plasmids pCIG(c)-msFoxn3-XXM2.0 and pCIG (c)-msFoxn3-PsCatCh2.0, and then transfected on HEK 293T cells. The light intensity dependence was showed in XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0. The greater light intensity was accompanied by the greater photocurrent. Under the light intensity 6.4×1014 photons/(cm2·s) below the retinal safety threshold, large photocurrent was still generated in XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 with 92.8±142.0 and 13.9±5.6 pA (t=1.24, 1.24; P=0.28, 0.29). The opening time constants of XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 were 23.9±6.7 and 2.4±0.8 ms, and the closing time constants were 5803.0±568.2 and 219.9±25.6 ms. Compared with PsCatCh2.0, the opening and closing time constant of XXM2.0 were both larger than PsCatCh2.0. The differences were statistically significant (t=7.10, 31.60; P=0.00, 0.00). In terms of response frequency, XXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 could follow to 32 Hz high-frequency pulsed light stimulation, and all could respond to repeated light stimulation at a long (4000 ms) and a short time (200 ms) interval with the small current decay rate.ConclusionXXM2.0 and PsCatCh2.0 could be activated under light intensity with safety for the retina, and could respond to high frequency (at least 32 Hz) pulsed light stimuli with low current attenuation, which could meet the characteristics of opsins required to restore the visual function by optogenetics.
[Abstract]Acute type A aortic dissection is a lethal disease that requires immediate surgical intervention and lifesaving measures. The treatment of this condition primarily involves addressing the complex structure and vital role of the aortic root. Since 1968, surgical techniques for Aortic dissection type A have rapidly advanced, resulting in significantly improved patient outcomes. In recent years, various approaches to aortic root management have emerged. This article provides a comprehensive overview of these approaches.
From June 2002 to December 2023, there were 5 patients with criss-cross admitted to the General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command, including 3 males and 2 females, aged 18 months to 25 years, and weighing 13-49 kg. There were 5 patients of atrioventricular position, 3 patients of right ventricular loop, 2 patients of left ventricular loop, 3 patients of normal atrioventricular connection, and 2 patients of inconsistent connection. Combined intracardiac malformations: 1 patient of simple ventricular septal defect combined with pulmonary hypertension, 1 patient of corrected transposition of the great arteries combined with ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and pulmonary artery stenosis, 1 patient of corrected transposition of the great arteries combined with ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and left atrioventricular valve insufficiency, and 2 patients of right ventricular double outlet combined with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary artery stenosis. The surgical methods included 2 patients of intracardiac anatomical correction, 1 patient of bidirectional vena cava pulmonary artery anastomosis, and 2 patients of total extracardiac ductal cava pulmonary artery anastomosis. All 5 patients were discharged smoothly.
Objective To develop a quantitative methodology for assessing the aortic media damage induced by stent-grafted by integrating mechanical experimentation, continuous damage theory, and finite element analysis, and focus on the influence of various oversizing ratios on the integrity of the aortic media. MethodsUtilizing uniaxial tensile testing datum from aortic walls of patients with TEVAR, the material parameters of aortic wall's constitutive equation, inclusive of damage parameters, were meticulously determined. A finite element model was constructed to simulate the deployment process of stent-grafted. Damage factor was delineated to scrutinize the stress distribution and the resultant damage within aortic media under a spectrum of oversizing ratios of stent-grafted. Results The damage factor exhibited a distribution congruent with that of the Von Mises stress, with both peaking at the convex aspect near the aortic arch. Additionally, stress concentration was observed in the distal anchoring region of aortic wall. An escalation in oversizing ratio was correlated with a proportional increase in both peak values. At oversizing ratios of 10%, 15%, and 20%, the Von Mises stress maxima were recorded as 469 kPa, 480 kPa, and 580 kPa, respectively, reflecting increments of 2.3% and 20.8%. Correspondingly, the damage factor maxima were 0.01, 0.011, and 0.014, marking an elevation of 10% and 27.3%. ConclusionThe findings suggest that an increment in oversizing ratio is associated with a pronounced increase in the peak value of the damage factor, indicating a more severe impact on the vascular media. The distribution of the damage factor aligns closely with that of the Von Mises stress, with both exhibiting peak values at the convex side of the aortic arch. This correlation underscores the damage factor's efficacy as a reliable indicator of the aortic media's integrity, thereby providing a robust theoretical framework for the subsequent assessment of endovascular interventional treatment risks through damage factor analysis.
Objective To analyze risk factors for pulmonary vein obstruction(PVO) after cardiac-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repair. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical and echocardiography data of 169 patients with cardiac-type TAPVC who underwent surgery at our center from April 2009 to April 2019 was conducted. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the risk of postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify relevant risk factor for postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction. ResultsThe median age at surgery was 89 days, and the median weight at surgery was 4.8 kg. Post-repair pulmonary vein obstruction occurred in 8.9% (15/169) of cases. The subtype of coronary sinus/right atrium did not significantly affect the risk of PPVO (P=0.33). Relevant risk factors included preoperative pulmonary vein obstruction (P<0.001) and the ratio of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter to right ventricular diameter (P=0.025). ConclusionSurgical repair of cardiac-type TAPVC has achieved satisfactory results in our center, but the long-term risk of obstruction should not be underestimated. An increased ratio of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter to right ventricular diameter and preoperative pulmonary vein obstruction were associated with post-repair pulmonary vein obstruction.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical application effects of using no drainage tube and placing a single 22# drainage tube in mediastinal tumor resection via thoracoscopic subxiphoid approach. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent mediastinal tumor resection via thoracoscopic subxiphoid approach at the Fourth People's Hospital of Zigong City from January 2020 to February 2024. Patients were divided into a non-drainage tube group and a drainage tube group, and their perioperative data were compared. ResultsA total of 149 patients were included, and there were 111 patients of thymoma, 5 patients of teratoma, and 33 patients of cyst. There were 77 patients in the non-drainage tube group, including 40 males and 37 females, aged 28-79 (53.72±13.34) years; there were 72 patients in the drainage tube group, including 33 males and 39 females, aged 26-80 (55.60±11.06) years. The differences in postoperative pain score at 48 hours, maximum postoperative pain score, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage tube-related complications, and the number of temporary analgesics used after surgery between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). ConclusionThe use of non-drainage tube technology in mediastinal tumor resection through thoracoscopic subxiphoid approach can reduce postoperative pain and the number of temporary analgesics used, as well as decrease the incidence of drainage tube-related complications.