The brain computer interface (BCI) can be used to control external devices directly through electroencephalogram (EEG) information. A multi-linear principal component analysis (MPCA) framework was used for the limitations of tensor form of multichannel EEG signals processing based on traditional principal component analysis (PCA) and two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA). Based on MPCA, we used the projection of tensor-matrix to achieve the goal of dimensionality reduction and features exaction. Then we used the Fisher linear classifier to classify the features. Furthermore, we used this novel method on the BCI competitionⅡdataset 4 and BCI competitionⅣdataset 3 in the experiment. The second-order tensor representation of time-space EEG data and the third-order tensor representation of time-space-frequency EEG data were used. The best results that were superior to those from other dimensionality reduction methods were obtained by much debugging on parameter P and testQ. For two-order tensor, the highest accuracy rates could be achieved as 81.0% and 40.1%, and for three-order tensor, the highest accuracy rates were 76.0% and 43.5%, respectively.
ObjectiveTo summarize the regulating mechanism of microRNA in tumor microenvironment. MethodThe literatures about the studies on the mechanism regulated by microRNA for tumor microenvironment were reviewed according to the results searched from PubMed in recent years. ResultsmicroRNA might be participated in regulation of tumor microenvironment factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor, tumor associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, which leaded to a change in biological behavior of tumor cells by reforming the microenviroment. ConclusionsmicroRNA has been participated in regulating many factors of tumor microenvironment. The change of neoplastic microenvironment has been recognized to play a critical role in the development of cancer. Therefore revealing microRNA mechanism for tumor microenvironment could not only help exploring the biological behavior of tumor cells, but also come an important insight for new means of diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of expression and correlation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and yes association protein (YAP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue, and then explore the relationship between the 2 kinds of protein. MethodsA total of 120 patients' HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were collected retrospectively, who treated in our hospital from Apr. 2010 to Oct. 2013, the expressions of PKM2 and YAP protein in these HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by SP immunohistochemical method, and then analyzed the relationship between the expressions of PKM2 and YAP ptotein with the clinicopathological features of HCC. Of the 120 patients, the expressions of YAP and PKM2 protein and its mRNA in 50 cases of HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were also examined by Western blot and real-time PCR methods respectively. Results① The immunohistochemical results showed that, the positive rate of PKM2 protein and YAP protein in HCC tissues were 67.50% (81/120) and 71.67% (86/120) respectively, which were both higher than those of adjacent tissues[PKM2 protein:20.83% (25/120); YAP protein:29.17% (35/120)], P < 0.050. ② The expression of PKM2 protein was significantly positively correlated with the expression of YAP protein in HCC tissues (r=0.519, P < 0.001). ③ In HCC tissues, the expression of PKM2 protein was significantly correlated with the diameter of tumor, TNM staging, differentiation of HCC, and lever of alpha fetal protein (P < 0.050), and the expression of YAP protein was significantly correlated with the differentiation of HCC and lever of alpha fetal protein (P < 0.050). ④ Western blot results showed that, the expression levels of PKM2 protein and YAP protein in HCC tissues were 1.25± 0.11 and 1.08±0.10 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of adjacent tissues (PKM2 protein:0.38±0.01, YAP protein:0.41±0.02), P < 0.050. ⑤ Real-time PCR assays results showed that, basing the expressions of PKM2 mRNA and YAP mRNA in adjacent tissues (both as 1), expressions of PKM2 mRNA and YAP mRNA in HCC tissues were 11.38±0.35 and 19.96±0.48 respectively, which were both higher than those of adjacent tissues (P < 0.050). ConclusionPKM2 and YAP protein were related to the initiation of HCC, and they were also closely correlated with the differentiation and prognosis of HCC.