Objective To evaluate the applic ation of blue-on-yellow(B/Y) perimetry in detecting the early visual field loss of glaucoma． Methods The B/Y perimetry of the G2 strategy in the OCTOPUS 101 perimetry was used to examine the visual field of 16 normal persons (32 eyes), 25 cases (35 eyes) of primary open-angle glau coma (POAG) with abnormal white-on-white (W/W) visual fields, 15 cases (15 eye s) of early POAG with normal W/W visual field, and 11 cases (22 eyes) of suspect ed POAG． Results The mean sensitivity (MS) in the normal cases, suspected POAG, early POAG, middle POAG, and late POAG was ( 23．24plusmn;1．22) dB，(20．97plusmn;3．42) dB，(18．44plusmn;3．57) dB，(11．04plusmn;1．85) dB and (8．55plusmn;2．29) dB, respectively． It was demonstrated that B/Y perimetry was more sensitive than W/W perimetry in detecting the glaucomatous visual fi eld defects,and its sensitivity was 92% and specificity was 90．62%． The averag e number of defective points in central visual field with B/Y perimetry was more than that with W/W perimetry in early and middle POAG． Conclusion B/Y perimetry is a relatively sensitive method for detection of the early visual field loss in POAG． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:125-127)
Objective To investigate the glutamate toxicity on inner stratum retinal neurons(ISRN) and the neurotoxicity quantity-efficacy relation. Method Retinal explants obtained from 30 neonatal mices were implanted into two pieces of 24-well culture plates (48 wells). The 48 wells were divided into three groups: control group, glutamate exposure 24 h group, and glutamate exposure with further lasting 6 h group. The retinal explants were sectioned, and then stained with HE after 24 h in vitro. The cells in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) layer and inner nuclear layer (INL) were analyzed by light microscope at 1 000times; magnification , and the number of normal morphological cells was counted under three 1 000times; magnificat ion fields. Results Some cells in ISRN (include RGCs and INL c ells) showed pykno tic nuclei and necrosis after 24 h in control culture. Glutamate exposure 24 h group:at the 2 mmol and 4 mmol concentrations of glutamate, the situation of the normal morphological cells in ISRN had no difference from that of the control group (Pgt;0.05). At the concentration of glutamate more than or equal to 6 mmol, the number of normal morphological cells in ISRN was significantly less than that of the control group (Plt;0.05), and with the increase of glutamate concentration, the number of normal morphological cells was reduced. Glutamate exposure with fur ther lasting 6 h group: at the concentration of glutamate equal to 6 mmol, the n umber of normal morphological cells in INL was significantly less than that of the control group (Plt;0.05), while the number of normal morphological cells in RGCs layer had no difference between two groups (Pgt;0.05). At the concentration of glutamate more than or equal to 8 mmol, the number of normal morphological cels in RGC s layer and INL was significantly less than that of the control group (Plt;0.05 ). Conclusion Glutamate has the neurotoxicity for ISRN in vitro, and the effect is dose-dependant. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:311-314)
With the aging of the population, the incidence of stroke is increasing year by year. More than 50% of stroke patients have post-stroke dysphagia, which not only increases the risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration, but also is associated with poor prognosis and increasing mortality. Due to its high morbidity and high risk of complications, the European Stroke Organization and the European Society for Dysphagia have launched the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke dysphagia (2021 Edition). This guideline mainly raises questions about the screening, assessment, and treatment of post-stroke dysphagia, and answers them based on evidence-based medical evidences. This article mainly interprets this in order to better guide clinical practice.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an effective therapy with biochemical change has gained more and more attention in clinical treatment. This review sorts many fundamental experiment studis and clinical applications about LLLT published in recent years, and summarizes the advances of evidence-based proofs of the potential mechanisms of LLLT with different wavelengths in treating osteoarthritis. It shows that LLLT could relieve pain, modulate inflammatory response, protect cartilage, and prevent cartilage degeneration, through increasing cell proliferation, stimulating fibroblasts to produce collagen, bone repair, and regulating inflammatory markers and so on. LLLT with different wavelengths has different effect, and it is important for clinical practice.