ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and median sternotomy thoracotomy in the treatment of atrial myxoma by meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMbase to collect relevant researches on atrial myxoma and endoscopic minimally invasive surgery. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to September 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the bias risk of included studies by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Then, the meta-analysis was performed by Stata 16.0.ResultsTen articles were included in the study, all of which were case-control studies. The quality of literature was grade B in 5 articles and grade A in 5 articles. The sample size of surgery was 938 patients, including 480 patients in the endoscopic minimally invasive group, 458 patients in the median thoracotomy group, and 595 patients in follow-up. A total of 18 outcome indexes were included in the meta-analysis. The combined results of 9 outcome indicators were statistically significant: cardiopulmonary bypass time (SMD=0.32, 95%CI 0.00 to 0.63, P=0.048); ventilator assisted ventilation time (SMD=−0.35, 95%CI −0.56 to −0.15, P=0.001), ICU stay time (SMD=–0.42, 95%CI −0.62 to −0.21, P<0.001); postoperative hospitalization time (SMD=−0.91, 95%CI −1.22 to −0.60, P<0.001); postoperative drainage volume (SMD=−2.48, 95%CI −5.24 to 0.28, P<0.001); postoperative new onset atrial fibrillation (OR=0.29, 95%CI 0.12 to 0.67, P= 0.005); postoperative pneumonia (OR=0.09, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.36, P=0.001); postoperative blood transfusion (OR=0.22, 95%CI 0.11 to 0.45, P<0.001); incision satisfaction (OR=83.15, 95%CI 1.24 to 5563.29, P=0.039).ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that median thoracotomy requires shorter cardiopulmonary bypass time than endoscopic minimally invasive surgery; during the 5-year follow-up after surgery and discharge, ICU stay time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage, new atrial fibrillation after surgery, postoperative pneumonia, postoperative blood transfusion, satisfactory incision, endoscopic minimally invasive surgery showed better results than median sternotomy thoracotomy.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer.MethodsPubMed, EMBase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer from inception to October 13th, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 4 RCTs involving 2 524 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with placebo combined with endocrine therapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy could improve the median progression free survival rate (RR=0.53, 95%CI 0.47 to 0.60, P<0.000 01) and the objective response rate (RR=1.67, 95%CI 1.47 to 1.91,P<0.000 01). While there was no statistical difference in clinical benefit rate (RR=0.59, 95%CI 0.75 to 1.19,P=0.64). In terms of adverse reactions, CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy had higher rates of neutropenia (RR=49.76, 95%CI 26.85 to 90.21, P<0.000 01), leukopenia (RR=48.69, 95%CI 18.74 to 133.61,P<0.000 01), fatigue (RR=3.11, 95%CI 1.37 to 7.08,P=0.007) and anemia (RR=2.96, 95%CI 1.61 to 5.42, P=0.000 3). There were no significant differences between two groups in nausea, diarrhea and decreased appetite.ConclusionCDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy for the patients with advanced breast cancer can improve median progression free survival and objective response rate, while increase the incidence of adverse events such as neutropenia, leukopenia, fatigue and anemia. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the classification and treatment of Monteggia equivalent fractures in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 35 cases of Monteggia equivalent fractures between January 2008 and January 2012. There were 17 boys and 18 girls with an average age of 7 years and 5 months (range, 1 year and 2 months to 14 years and 11 months). The causes of injury were tumbling injury in 25 cases, falling injury in 3 cases, and sport injury in 7 cases. The disease duration from injuries to admission ranged from 1 hour to 16 days (median, 28 hours). According to the criteria of self-made classification, there were 22 cases of type I (ulnar fracture with radial neck fracture or proximal radial epiphysis injury), 2 cases of type II (posterior elbow dislocation with radial neck fracture or proximal radial epiphysis injury), 10 cases of type III (ulnar fracture and/or olecranon fracture with humeral lateral condylar fracture), and 1 case of type IV (fractures of radius and ulna with radial neck fracture or proximal radial epiphysis injury). All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation/external fixation. Results All incisions healed by first intention without infection. Thirty-four cases were followed up 14 months on average (range, 12-18 months). All fractures healed at 2.5 months on average (range, 6 weeks to 5 months). According to Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score system, the results were excellent in 29 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 2 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 94%. No cubit varus/valgus or delayed ulnar nerve injury was observed. Conclusion New self-made classification is simple and easy to remember, and it is helpful to reduce omission diagnose rate and select therapeutic methods. Surgery is an effective method to treat Monteggia equivalent fractures.
Objective To explore the effectiveness of rigid interlocking nails through the tip of the greater trochanter for fixation of femur shaft fracture in adolescent. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 23 adolescents with femoral shaft fractures treated between June 2011 and June 2015. Of 23 cases, 19 were male and 4 were female, aged from 13 years and 6 months to 17 years (mean, 15.2 years), weighed from 40 to 77 kg (mean, 53.5 kg). The causes were traffic accident injury in 13 cases, sports injury in 7 cases, and falling injury in 3 cases. Fracture located at the proximal 1/3 in 6 cases, middle 1/3 in 10 cases, and distal 1/3 in 7 cases; fracture was typed as transverse in 10 cases, oblique in 6 cases, spiral in 1 case, and comminuted in 6 cases. The course of disease was 3-17 days (mean, 6.2 days). At last follow-up, the leg length discrepancy, femoral neck shaft angle, femoral neck diameter, and articulotrochanteric distance (ATD) were measured on the X-ray films. Results Wounds healed in all patients, and no infection occurred. All patients were followed up 15-36 months (mean, 26.5 months). The patients had no pain and had normal gait, without lameness. The X-ray films showed bone healing at 5-13 months (mean, 6.5 months). No nonunion, delayed union, malunion of more than 5 °, or rotational deformity occurred. The removal time of internal fixations was 12-24 months (mean, 19.5 months) after operation. No heterotopic ossification, re-fracture, proximal femoral deformity, or femoral head necrosis occurred during follow-up. Two patients had early epiphyseal closure of greater trochanter, which had no impact on gait; leg-length inequality of less than 1 cm was observed in 2 cases. At last follow-up, the neck shaft angle, femoral neck diameter, and ATD of normal and affected sides were (131.7±6.3) and (132.9±7.8)°, (34.1±3.2) and (33.9±3.8) mm, and (27.8±9.2) and (26.5±8.5) mm, showing no significant difference between two sides (t=–0.24,P=0.86;t=0.18,P=0.92;t=1.03,P=0.49). Conclusion It is a reliable and effective method to use rigid interlocking nails inserted through the tip of the greater trochanter for the fixation of femur shaft fracture in adolescent.
Ferroptosis, as a new form of programmed cell death, affects the occurrence, progression and treatment of liver cancer. In this paper, the discovery, characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, inhibitors, inducers, and detection indicators of ferroptosis were systematically summarized and analyzed, and the effects of ferroptosis on the progression, metastasis, treatment, and prognosis of liver cancer were summarized. Finally, it was concluded that targeting ferroptosis is a promising treatment strategy for liver cancer.