ObjectiveTo summarize the advancement of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).MethodThe relevant literatures about comparative study btween TEOTVA and other thyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.ResultsCompared with the conventional open thyroidectomy or other endoscopic thyroidectomy, even though TOETVA requires a longer operative time, it provides similar surgical outcomes and no scar on the body.ConclusionTOETVA is a safe and effective procedure with excellent cosmetic results for patients with thyroid disease.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the activity of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and the expressions of TNF-α and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) during early reperfusion following liver transplantation in rats. Methods The models of rat orthotopic liver transplantation were established. The donor livers were stored for 2 hours in Ringers solution at 4 ℃ before transplantation. All rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （SO group）， control group and IP group. IP group was achieved by clamping the portal vein and hepatic artery of donor liver for 10 minutes followed by reperfusion for 10 minutes before harvesting. The activity of NF-κB and expressions of TNF-α and ICAM-1 at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after reperfusion were measured. Serum ALT, LDH were also determined. Results The liver function of recipients with IP were significantly improved. Compared with SO group， the graft NF-κB activity increased after transplantation in control group and IP group (P＜0.05), while compared with control group that was significantly attenuated at 1 h and 2 h in IP group. Similarly, hepatic levels of TNF-α and ICAM-1 were significantly elevated in control group and were reduced in IP group. Conclusion IP might down-regulated TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in the grafts after orthotopic liver transplantation through depressed NF-κB activation， and attenuate neutrophil infiltration in the grafts after reperfusion.
Objective To discuss the effectiveness of breast reconstruction with dual plane prosthesis implantation or anterior pectoralis prosthesis implantation under endoscopy by using prospective comparative study, in order to provide a reference for clinical surgical selection. Methods A total of 54 female patients with breast cancer admitted between January 2023 and December 2023 and met the selection criteria were selected as research subjects. According to the random number table, 54 patients were divided into trial group and control group with 27 cases in each. The patients in the trial group and control group were treated with dual plane prosthesis implantation and anterior pectoralis prosthesis implantation for breast reconstruction after glandular resection under endoscopy, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05) in the terms of age, body mass index, affected side, breast clinical stages, molecular typing, disease duration, breast volume of healthy side, breast ptosis of affected side, and preoperative Breast-Q score (social mental health, sexual health, breast satisfaction, chest somatic health). The operation-related indicators (operation time, total volume of drainage within 7 days after operation, extubation time, and hospital stay), occurrence of complications, breast reconstruction efficacy related indicators (transverse and longitudinal distance difference), and the pre- and post-operative differences (change values) of Breast-Q scores for each item were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in operation time, total volume of drainage within 7 days after operation, extubation time, and hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). All patients of the two groups were followed up 3-12 months (mean, 6.3 months). Three patients (11.11%) in trial group and 5 patients (18.52%) in control group experienced complications, and there was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications (P>0.05). At 7 days after operation, the transverse and longitudinal distance differences were significantly less in trial group than in control group (P<0.05). The Breast-Q scores of the two groups at 7 days after operation were significantly higher in all items than those before operation (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in all change values between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionFor patients with breast cancer, comparison of breast reconstruction with anterior pectoralis prosthesis implantation, breast reconstruction with dual plane prosthesis implantation has better breast reconstruction effectiveness and higher safety.