In order to study the biological characteristics of tenocyte and fibroblast, the former was obtained from rabbit’s tendon, and the latter from rabbits’s skin. Both cells were cultured according Heuderson’s method. The cell morphology, strapping and expanding time, and the type of collagen fiber synthesized in culture were observed. The results showed that the strapping and expanding time of fibroblast was faster than that of tenocyte. The cellular arrangement of fibroblast was irregular, but that in tenocyte was regular. Type I and III collagen of fibers were found in cultured fibroblost while only type I collagen fibers were found in culture of tenocyte. The tenocyte and fibroblast could be identified individually by strapping and expanding time, arrangement of cells and type of collagen fiber synthesized.
In order to investigate the possibility of repairing injuried tendon with living artificial tendon, after combining culture, subcultured autogenous tendon cells with carbon fibers were implanted into the calcaneous tendon of rabbits. In different stages, the synthesis of type I collagen and their relevant morphological changes were observed. The results showed as follows: after implantation, tendon cells continued proliferating. Four weeks after implantation, tendon cells were detached from the carbon fibers and proliferated and produced collagen among the carbon fibers. The collagen fibrils were linked with each other to formed a dense structure. In the linkage site, the collagen fibrils originated from the implants joined to that from the ruptured end of the tendon, which meaned that the implant was healed with the recipient tendon. Observed under scanning electronic microscope, the tendon cells were lined among the carbon fibers evenly and in order, the collagen fibrils joined each other and formed an network, the fibrils were lined parallel to the carbon fibers. Under transparent electron microscope, the nucleolus were clear and organelle were abundant.
In order to investigate the compatibility and growth between the tendon cell or fibroblast of rabbit and artificial materials, the combined-culture of the two cells with the carbon fiber, terylene and chitin was observed respectively. Results showed as following: in vitro, the compatibility of carbon fiber with these two cells was well, cell-adhesion ability was good as well. Few cells grew on terylene. Chitin inhibited the growth of either cells. No matter the tendon cell or the fibroblast, the amount of cells adhering on the carbon fiber was far more than that on terylene or chitin. When the three materials were interlaced together, the collagen fibers produced by the cells were arranged in direction parallel to the carbon fibers. As the time elapsed, the cells on the carbon fiber distributed evenly and enveloped the material in network-like fashion, this suggested that carbon fiber was a good material for producing living artificial tendon and ligament.
One of the most difficult problems on tendon surgery is adhesion formation during the process of tendon healing, which causes functional interference. This pathophysiologic pcocess is closely related to the ways of tendon nourishment and types of tendon healing. In order to understand whether the sutured tendon couldheal without blood circulation, the process and types of tendon healing in the synovial fluid were studied by in vivo culture modle. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) segments from the front paw of 50 New Zedland white rabbits were cut inthe middle and sutured with microsurgical technique, and then, preserved in thesynovial cavitied of both knees of the rabbits. After 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks, the specimens from the synovial cavities were studied by gross observation, light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope, and biochemical determination. The results showed that the tendon which was nourished by synovial fluid not only could survive, but also could heal. Healing of the tendon was completed by activation and proliferation of both peritendon cells and cells in the tendon.The healing could be devided into 3 periods: malnutrition period (less than 1 week), reparative period (2-4 week) and rebuilding period (more than 4 week).
In order to investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1 on the cyclic change of tendon cell, the 6th generation of cultured tendon cell were selected, and 20 ng/ml IGF-1 was added to the medium. After 48 hours, the cells were determined by flow cytometer, as well as the control cells. The results showed that the time of G1 phase, DNA synthesis phase and G2M phase in IGF-1 group were 11.8 hours, 21.4 hours and 6.8 hours respectively, while those were 25.6 hours 22.6 hours and 21.8 hours respectively in the control group. It was showed that the time needed for G1 phase and G2M phase was shortened by IGF-1.
The injuries of the femoral arteries were mistreated in 5 cases. The causes of the mistakes were resulted from: the initial cause of the injury was not carefully analyzed; the arterial injury was overlooked by the concomitant injuries, and the improper method of management was selected, as a result, 2 patients died from acute renal failure and the other 3 patients developed the complications of secondary thrombosis of the artery or rupture of the artery at the anastomotic site following repair. Of the 3 patients, 2 patients had recovered following reoperation and the other 1 patient had lost his limb from amputation. It should be emphasized that all of the following key points might avoid the mistakes occurred in the management of the injury of the femoral artery: (1) early diagnosis; (2) debredment of arteral end; (3) in infections wounds, insted of vein transplantation bypass technique should be done.
Following the peritendon was removed by means of microsurgical technique, the tenocyte was isolated from the human embryonic tendons by digesting it with trypsin and collagenase. These cells were all stored in frozen condition until they were cultured by F12 culture fluid added with 20% FBS to the 15th generation.These cells were able to grow adhering to the wall and stop growing with contact inhibition. The time of cellsgroup duplication was 4 days, which was similar to the peak time of its mitosis. The number of its chromosome group 2n=46 was 87.5-91.0%. The optimal conditions for tendon cell culture in vitro were investigated, and it was found that after they were reaminated and subcultured the frozen storage didn’t influence their growth, morphology, genetic characteristics. In our research we detected the content generation cells and found the cultured human embryonic tenocyte had same ability never changed with the cells subcultured. We also disscussed the future of tenocyte-a biomaterial in the field of artificial implant.
wenty-one cases with injurys of upper trunk of brachial plexus in 18 and poliomyelitis in 3were treated by transfer of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle to restore flexion of elbow from may, 1981through November, 1992. There were 16 males and 5 females with an average age of 28 years old(ranged 17-60 years). All of the patients was combined with incompetence of abduction function ofshoulder, 6 cases with incompotence of extenxor function of elbow and 11 cases with incompotence ofsupifiation fu...
Flexion tendons in fibrous sheath of 36 New Zealand white rabbits was repaired, after excision of fibrous sheath and vinculum, with microsurgical technique. Histological examination was made. The results showed that as the prolongation of the postoperative time, the adhesion around the tendon became more and more dense. 7 days after operation, tendon was connected by hemocyte and fibroid materials. Following 7 days after operation, fibroblaste origined from extrinsic memberance of tendon obviously produced,and strentched to tendon stump. The synthesis of collage fibers began at 21 days after operation .28 days,connective tissure between tendon stumps was tendency of reconstruction. The experiment demonstrated that pattern of tendon healing belinged to extrinsic repair . That was related to destroy of tendon nutrition systems in fibrous sheath.
The influence on the wrist stability following ulnar head resection (Darrach s procedure)was studied. A series of X-ray films and arthrography of the wrist joint were taken before and after ulnar head re- section. The results showed that after ulnar head resection the radial deviation increased 3 degree(Plt;0.01). and the ulnar deviation 11.92 degree (Plt;0.001). The position of the lunate remained unchanged. Arthrography of the wrist joint demonstrated that 11 specimens had injury of the triangular fibrocartilage.The stability of the wrist joint would no doubt be certainly affected following the ulnar head resction.