ObjectiveTo observe the changes of macular visual function after myopic foveoschisis (MF) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane peeling and air filling. MethodsA single-center, retrospective study. From October 2018 to October 2019, 29 MF inpatients (32 eyes) in Tianjin Eye Hospital were included in this study. There were 3 males (4 eyes) and 26 females (28 eyes). The age was 63.00±3.45 years old. Equivalent spherical lens degree was －14.16±2.54 D, and axial length was 29.14±1.04 mm. Among them, 3 patients (3 eyes) had lamellar macular holes. All eyes underwent standard pars plana three-channel 25G PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling and air filling. Before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, macular microperimetry was performed with a macular integrity assessment instrument, and the mean retinal sensitivitie (MS) within 10° of the macula, fovea 2° and 4° fixation rates (P1, P2), 63% and 95% bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were recorded. The comparison of MS, P1, P2, 63%BCEA and 95%BCEA at different times before and after surgery was performed by paired t test; the comparison of fixation stability rate was performed by χ2 test. ResultsCompared with before surgery, there were significant differences in the improvement of MS in affected eyes at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery (t=－2.208, －3.435,－4.919; P=0.038, 0.002, 0.000). In the pairwise comparison at different times after surgery, only 6 months after surgery and 1 month after surgery were significantly different (P=0.036). Compared with the preoperative P1, P2, 63%BCEA and 95%BCEA, the P1 and P2 of the eyes gradually increased after surgery, while the 63%BCEA and 95%BCEA gradually decreased, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P1: t=－1.595,－1.698,－1.966; P=0.125, 0.104, 0.062. P2: t=－1.622,－1.654,－1.707; P=0.119, 0.112, 0.102. 63%BCEA: t=1.410, 1.409, 1.553; P=0.172, 0.173, 0.135. 95%BCEA: t=1.412, 1.408, 1.564; P=0.172, 0.173, 0.132). Six months after surgery, all the eyes underwent anatomical repositioning of the macular area, and no serious complications such as full-thickness macular hole and macular hole retinal detachment were found. ConclusionsPPV with internal limiting membrane peeling and air filling is an effective and safe method for MF, and the macular function improved significantly within 6 months postoperatively.