Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and also one of the most common malignant tumors with the highest incidence, highest mortality, the fastest growth rate and the worst prognosis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the disease is urgently needed in order to establish new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Exosomes, a kind of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, can deliver various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, mRNA, mircoRNA, lipids, etc, and their potential value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer has been supported by a large number of literatures. In this review, we reviewed the role of exosomes in the of development, early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.