【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of melatonin on renal injury induced by bile duct ligation in rats. MethodsSixtyfour rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=16 rats per group): the control group (CN), sham operative group (SO), bile duct ligation group (BDL) and bile duct ligation melatonin treatment group (BDL+Mel). Obstructive jaundice was induced by common bile duct ligation. Plasma level of nitric oxide (NO), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were measured 4 d and 8 d after operation. NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in renal tissue were detected at the same time point, too. Histopathological changes of kidneys were examined by HE staining. ResultsIn BDL group, the plasma levels of NO, TB, DB, ALT, AST, BUN and Cr were higher than those of SO group (P＜0.01）, and the level of NO and activities of iNOS in renal tissue were significantly increased (P＜0.01）. However, in BDL+Mel group, the plasma levels of NO, ALT, AST, BUN and Cr were lower than those of the BDL group (P＜0.01）, and the level of NO and activities of iNOS in renal tissue were significantly suppressed (P＜0.01）; histopathological changes of kidneys were improved.ConclusionAugmentation of iNOS activities and increasing of NO production in local tissue contributed to renal injury induced by bile duct ligation, and the mode of melatonin’s protective actions, at least in part, relates to interference with no pathways.
Objective To investigate the effect of methylprednisolone on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Müller cells of rats’ retinae injured by laser. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and inflicted with laser photocoagulation.The rats in treatment group were given methylprednisolone by intraperitoneal injection with a dose of 30 mg/kg for 3 days.At the 3rd,7th,14th,and 28th day after photocoagulation respectively, the eyes were enucleated,fixed and cut into sections.Immunohistochemical examination was used to detect the expression of PCNA and GFAP. Results After photocoagulation the Müller cells expressed PCNA both in the treatment and control group,and the expression of PCNA decreased sharply after 3 days. The expression of PCNA in treatment group was less than that in control group. After photocoagulation the Müller cells also expressed GFAP and the expression of GFAP lasted for at least 28 days ,and the expression of GFAP expression in the treatment group was less than that in the control group. Conclusion Methylprednisolone can reduce the expression of GFAP and PCNA in Müller cells of rats’ retinae injured by laser. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 299-301)
目的 观察酒石酸布托啡诺与芬太尼合用于术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的效果及最佳混合比例。 方法 2010年8月－2011年1月100例妇科手术患者，随机分为5组，每组20例。均全身麻醉术后采用负荷量+持续背景剂量+PCIA方案镇痛。根据不同配方分为F组：芬太尼1 mg+生理盐水至100 mL；B组：酒石酸布托啡诺10 mg+生理盐水至100 mL；BFⅠ组：芬太尼0.6 mg+酒石酸布托啡诺3 mg+生理盐水至90 mL；BFⅡ组：芬太尼0.5 mg+酒石酸布托啡诺5 mg+生理盐水至100 mL；BFⅢ组：芬太尼0.3 mg+酒石酸布托啡诺6 mg+生理盐水至90 mL。观察术后各时点视觉模拟评分（VAS）及镇静评分，患者满意度以及不良反应情况。 结果 术后早期BFⅢ组和B组VAS评分大于F组；镇静评分B组大于F组；B组满意度优良率小于其余各组；恶心呕吐发生率F组高于BFⅠ组及BFⅡ组。 结论 酒石酸布托啡诺和芬太尼合用于PCIA，镇痛效果确切，不良反应发生率低。推荐配比：BFⅠ组和BFⅡ组。
Objective To investigate the protective effect of melatonin on rat liver injury induced by bile duct ligation. Methods Sixty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups：control group （CN group， n=16）， shamoperation group （SO group， n=16）， bile duct ligation group （BDL group， n=16）， and bile duct ligation with melatonin injection （BDL＋MT group， n=16）. The model of obstructive jaundice was done by ligation of the common bile duct. Melatonin was injected daily （0.5 mg/kg） via peritoneal cavity from 1 d before the operation to 7 d following oper-ation. On day 4 and 8 after the ligation， the plasma levels of total bilirubin （TBIL）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， gamma glutamyl transferase （GGT）， and alkaline phosphatase （AKP） were measured by routine methods. Malonaldehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione （GSH）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the liver tissue were determined by spectrophtometry， too. Hepatocytes apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxynuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Results Compared with the CN group and SO group， the levels of TBIL， ALT， AST， GGT， and AKP in the plasma， the content of MDA in the liver tissue， and the apoptosis index （AI） in the hepatocyte markedly increased （P＜0.05， P＜0.01）， the content of GSH and the activities of SOD， CAT， and GSH-Px in the liver tissue markedly decreased（P＜0.01） in the BDL group. Compared with the BDL group， the levels of TBIL， ALT， AST， GGT， and AKP in the plasma， the content of MDA in the liver tissue， and the AI in the hepatocyte markedly decreased （P＜0.01）， the content of GSH and the activities of SOD， CAT， and GSH-Px in the liver tissue markedly increased （P＜0.01） in the BDL＋MT group. In the BDL group， the level of MDA in the liver tissue and the levels of TBIL， ALT， AST， GGT， and AKP were positively correlated （P＜0.01）， the content of GSH and the activities of SOD， CAT， and GSH-Px in the liver tissue and TBIL， ALT， AST， GGT， and AKP were negatively correlated （P＜0.01）. The level of MDA in the liver tissue and AI in the hepatocyte was positively correlated （P＜0.01）. The content of GSH and the activities of SOD， CAT， and GSH-Px in the liver tissue and AI were negatively correlated （P＜0.01）. Conclusions The participation of free radical of oxygen in the pathogenesis and severity of cholestasis produced by the acute obstruction of the extra-hepatic biliary duct is likely. The result of the present study indicates that melatonin exerts a protective effect on cholestatic liver injury in rats with BDL. The mechanism of melatonin’s protection on hepatocyte may be through its antioxidant action and by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.
ObjectiveTo study the value of Gd-DTPA three dimension fast spoiled gradientecho (3D FSPGR) dynamic MRI in the diagnosis and preoperative respectability assessment of pancreatic carcinoma.MethodsThirty-two cases of pancreatic carcinoma verified by surgery and pathology were included in this study. All of the cases had MRI examinations two weeks before surgery. MRI protocols involved gradient echo T1 weighted（GRE T1W） with fat suppression, fast spin echo respiratory gating T2 weighted (FSE RG T2W) with fat suppression, MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and gadolinium chelate 3D FSPGR T1W dynamic enhancement. Two radiologists reviewed MRI of the 32 cases retrospectively. Preoperative resectability of pancreatic carcinoma was assessed according to the characteristics of tumor lesions, peripancreatic invasion, vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and liver metastases. The diagnosis and preoperative resectability assessment of pancreatic carcinoma by MRI was compared with surgical findings. ResultsOf 32 cases, 29 cases diagnosed by MRI were confirmed by surgery and pathology (accuracy of MRI, 90.6%). The sensitivity was 84.4%(27/32) and 93.8%(30/32) respectively for GRE T1W with fat-suppression combining FSE RG T2W and for Gd-DTPA 3D FSPGR dynamic MRI in the detection of pancreatic tumors. The accuracy was 87.5%（21/24）, 87.0%（20/23）, 80.0%（12/15）, 88.9%（8/9） and 83.3%（5/6） respectively for Gd-DTPA 3D FSPGR dynamic MRI in assessing local extension, vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, liver metastases and peritoneal carcinomatosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Eight cases of pancreatic carcinoma were considered to be resectable by enhanced MRI, while the tumors in 7 cases of the 8 cases were resected by surgery. Twentythree cases were confirmed nonresectable by surgery in the 24 cases of pancreatic carcinoma considered to be non-resectable by enhanced MRI. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 87.5%，95.8% and 93.8% resectability for the assessment of respectability of pancreatic carcinoma by using Gd-DTPA 3D FSPGR dynamic MRI. There was no significant difference in the assessment of the resectability of pancreatic carcinoma between enhanced MRI and surgery or pathology （κ=0.83）.ConclusionUsing of Gd-DTPA 3D FSPGR dynamic enhanced MRI improves the detections of pancreatic carcinoma and metastasis. It is also accurate in the assessment of the resectability of pancreatic carcinoma.
Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide precursor L-arginine on traumatic pulmonary contusion. Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, ie. a normal group, a model group, and a L-arginine group. The model of traumatic pulmonary contusion was established with self-made chest-impacter. Then the rats in the L-arginine group was injected intravenously with L-arginine in a dose of 250 mg/kg. All rats were sacrificed at 24 hours after these models established.Levels of TNF-α and nitric oxide ( NO2 - /NO3- ) in serum were measured by ELISA and diazo-reaction method. Lung wet/dry weight ratio, NF-κB, endothelin-1, apoptotic cell, and ICAM-1 ( intercellular adhesion molecule-1) mRNA expressions in the lung tissue were measured. Results Compared with the model group,TNF-αand lung wet/dry weight ratio decreased significantly in the L-arginine group( P lt; 0. 05) . After the L-arginine treatment, the concentration of nitric oxide, apoptotic index were significantly higher than the model group ( P lt; 0. 05) . The expressions of NF-κB, endothelin-1, and ICAM-1 mRNA in the L-arginine group were lower than those in the model group ( P lt;0. 05) . Conclusion L-arginine treatment can downregulate the expressions of NF-κB, ET-1, ICAM-1 mRNA and apoptosis obviously, and ameliorate the microcirculation of rats lung with traumatic pulmonary contusion.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of three-dimensional strapping reduction in treatment of patellar fracture. Methods Between January 2015 and June 2015, thirty-two patients were randomly allocated to three-dimensional strapping reduction group (trial group) and towel clamp reduction group (control group). There was no significant difference in age, gender, damage side, interval from injury to opreration, fracture pattern, and cause of injury (P>0.05). The operation time, fluoroscopy time, fracture healing time, postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores, and complications were collected and analysed. Results All incisions healed at stage I. All patients of 2 groups were followed up 10-14 months (mean, 12.4 months). The operation time and fluoroscopy time of trial group were both shorter than those of control group (t=6.212, P=0.000; t=6.585, P=0.000). X-ray films showed that the fractures in both groups healed successfully and there was no significant difference in healing time between groups (t=1.973, P=0.058). Bone nonunion, infection, and failure fixation were not found in both groups. HSS scores of trial group (91.6±3.8) was higher than that of control group (86.4±5.5) (t=–3.105, P=0.004). Conclusion Compared with towel clamp reduction, the three-dimensional strapping reduction in treatment of patellar fracture has the advantages of shorter operation time and fluoroscopy time, better knee function after operation, and satisfactory fracture healing.