Objective To explore the effect of chloral hydrate on sleep Electroencephalogram (EEG) in children. Methods A total of 250 children under the age of 5 underwent EEG examination in West China Second University Hospital from Nov.8, 2019 to Sep.1,2021 were enrolled and divided into medication group or non-medication group according to whether they took chloral hydrate before the examination. Among them, 167 patients, the average age of whom was (30.78±17.43) months, were in the medication group, with a male to female ratio of 113:54. 83 cases were in the unmedicated group, the ratio of male to female was 60:23, and the average age was (33.12±17.10) months. There were no statistical difference in age and gender between the two groups. Quantitative EEG method was used to compare and analyze the percentages of the power of various EEG waveforms in the two groups. Results The proportion of EEG beta waves in the medication group was (2.76±4.03)%, and the proportion of EEG beta waves in the non-medication group was (1.59±1.21)%. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The proportion of sleep EEG beta waves in the medication group is higher. Conclusions Chloral hydrate may cause the increase of β fast waves in sleep EEG, which may affect the interpretation of EEG and the diagnosis of diseases.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between acid suppressive drug use and fracture risk in children and adolescents. MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect observational studies on the association between acid suppressive drug use and fracture risk in children and adolescents from inception to October 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using R4.1.2 software. ResultsA total of 6 studies involving 1 886 423 children and adolescents were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increased the risk of fracture (RR=1.19, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.29, P<0.01), whereas the use of histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) did not increase the risk of fracture (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that PPIs use increased risk of fracture in the lower limb and other sites (P<0.05). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that PPIs can increase fracture risk in children and adolescents, but no association has been found between the use of H2RAs and increased fracture risk in this group. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.