Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticle (PELN) is a nanoscale vesicle secreted by plant cells, which has important biological functions. On the one hand, PELN can exert anti-osteoporosis (OP) effects by affecting the functions of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. On the other hand, PELN can also inhibit inflammatory reactions, protect chondrocytes, and has potential value in treating osteoarthritis (OA). This article summarizes the basic concepts, formation and components, separation and characterization methods of PELN, and focuses on the intervention effect and molecular mechanism of PELN on OP and OA.
Comorbidity is a prominent public health problem in the elderly population. To carry out research on the comorbidity of the elderly is not only an important breakthrough to realize the national strategy of actively responding to the aging population, but also a vivid practice of earnestly implementing the "Healthy China" and other action programs. Based on the major public health issues of elderly comorbidity, this paper lists the main contents and methods of elderly comorbidity research from the perspective of secondary research and empirical research, and holds that this field contains both the profound thought of "holistic concept" and the advanced idea of "integrative medicine". At the same time, under the background of the new era, the gradual deepening of the research in this field may give birth to a brand-new discipline - geriatric comorbidity.