OBJECTIVE: To provide experimental basis for improving the curative effect of pectus excavatum. METHODS: Twelve rabbits were adopted in this experiment. After the bilateral second and third costal cartilages of the rabbits were resected subperichondrially, their right second and third costal perichondriums were damaged intentionally. Then, the bilateral third costal perichondriums were stitched into a tube-like structure and the second ones were left opened. After 2, 4, 6 of operation, the bilateral second and third neocartilages were measured for their width, and histological character were observed under microscope. RESULTS: 1. After 2, 4, 6 months of operation, the average width of the bilateral second neocartilages were significantly greater than the preoperative ones. 2. 4 and 6 months after operations, there was no significant difference in the average width of the bilateral third neocartilages and the preoperative ones. 3. The amount, distribution of costal neocartilage cells and the arrangement of costal neocartilage matrix within the left second and third costal cartilages were better than the right under the light microscope. 4. The left third costal neocartilage was regenerated and remodeled better than all the others. CONCLUSION: The integrality of costal perichondrium is in favor of the regeneration of costal cartilage, and the sleeve stitch of costal perichondrium facilitates the remodeling of costal neocartilage.