ObjectiveTo study the relationship between cholecystectomy and Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection. MethodsOne hundred and eleven patients with cholecystolithiasis were chosen as the investigation group, while 577 patients with upper digestive tract symptoms without cholecystolithiasis as the control group. All the patients took the 13C breath test to determine whether they were infected by Hp. All the patients with Hp infection continued eradical therapy for Hp infection for one course after cholecystectomy and were followed up on outpatient basis. ResultsThe infection rate in the investigation group was 45.9%, while 27.4% in the control group. During the 3 to 6 months of followup for the patients undergoing eradical therapy for Hp infection, we found no patient complaining of epigastric pain, malaise, belching and nausea. ConclusionThe infection rate of Hp in patients with cholecystolithiasis is high, Hp may be one of the factors causing “postcholecystectomy syndrome”. Eradical therapy for Hp after cholecystectomy will help improve the effects of operation.