Objective To investigate the effects of pain specialist nurse training (PSNT) on nurse’s pain management knowledge and attitude. Methods By distributing the “questionnaire of pain management knowledge and attitude”, 95 certified nurses, who were from 24 hospitals of different levels in Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Xinjiang, were investigated to survey their knowledge and attitude changes before and after PSNT. The data were analyzed by t-test. Results A total of 190 questionnaires were distributed to 95 nurses, and 190 returned, with a effective response rate of 100%. The result showed that, the total score after training (34.00±5.30) was significantly higher than that before training (17.58±4.00), with a significant difference (P=0.000). Conclusion The pain specialist nurse training can improve nurses’ knowledge and their attitudes on pain management.
A large amount of research evidence has shown a correlation between cerebral infarction and malignant tumors, and malignant-tumor-related embolic stroke is the main type of malignant-tumor-related cerebral infarction. Hypercoagulation is considered to be the main mechanism. However, due to the complexity of the pathogenesis, the optimal diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies remain unclear. This review summarizes the published literature on the concepts, mechanisms, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging examinations, treatment and prevention of malignant-tumor-related embolic cerebral infarction, to clearly understand this disease and provide ideas for early recognition, reasonable diagnosis and treatment, improvement of prognosis, and further research of this disease.