Objective To investigate the potential causal relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a two-sample two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods In the forward study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely associated with CRS were selected as instrumental variables from publicly available genome-wide association studies datasets, with COPD as the outcome variable; conversely, in the reverse study, SNPs closely associated with COPD were selected as instrumental variables, with CRS as the outcome variable. MR analysis was conducted using three regression models: inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression analysis, and weighted median (WME) to assess the causal relationship between CRS and COPD. Cochran’s Q statistic, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, and “leave-one-out” methods were employed to test for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, thereby evaluating the stability and reliability of the MR results. Results A total of 14 SNPs closely associated with CRS were included in the forward study; the IVW-fixed effects analysis indicated that CRS may increase the risk of developing COPD [odds ratio=1.003, 95% confidence interval (1.002, 1.004), P<0.001], which was confirmed by the WME method, while the MR-Egger regression method did not show a causal link between CRS and COPD. Heterogeneity test (IVW result: Cochran’s Q=7.910, P=0.849; MR-Egger regression result: Cochran’s Q=7.450, P=0.827), MR-Egger intercept method (P=0.510), MR-PRESSO test (P=0.917), and “leave-one-out” method showed that the MR analysis results were reliable. In the reverse study, a total of 12 SNPs related to COPD were included as instrumental variables; MR analysis did not support the notion that COPD would increase the risk of CRS (P>0.05). Heterogeneity test (IVW result: Cochran’s Q=5.947, P=0.877; MR-Egger regression result: Cochran’s Q=5.937, P=0.821), MR-Egger intercept method (P=0.921), MR-PRESSO test (P=0.875), and “leave-one-out” analysis method showed that the MR analysis results were reliable. Conclusions There is a potential causal association between CRS and COPD, and CRS may increase the risk of developing COPD. But there is no evidence to suggest that COPD increases the risk of CRS.
Objective To explore the profile and diagnosis value of airway resistances before and after bronchial dilation test ( BDT) in patients with COPD and asthma. Methods Airway resistances before and after BDT were measured in COPD patients and asthma patients with different severity by impulse oscillometry ( IOS) , and the characteristic changes of the two different diseases were analyzed compared with healthy subjects. Results Airway resistance indexes except X5 were higher in the COPD and the asthma patients than those in the healthy subjects before BDT ( P lt; 0. 05) . There were significant differences in airway resistance indexes except X5 and Rc between the mild asthma patients and the moderate to severe asthma patients. Significant difference in Z5, Fres, and Rp were observed in the mild COPD patientscompared with the moderate to severe COPD patients. There were statistical differences in airway resistance indexes except X5 between the two groups before and after BDT both in the COPD and the asthma patients ( P lt;0. 05) . The rates of change in Z5, Fres, R5, and Rp were higher than those of FEV1% pred, especially higher in the asthma patients than in the COPD patients ( P lt; 0. 05) . Significant negative correlations between FEV1% pred and Z5, Fres, R5, Rp were revealed in the COPD and the asthma patients ( P lt;0. 01) .The correlation between Fres and FEV1% pred was most significant in the COPD and the asthma patients ( r = - 0. 561, - 0. 761) . Conclusion Airway resistances measured by IOS is sensitive indicators in detecting the airflow obstruction in COPD and asthma, and is useful in early and differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma.
Objective To explore the clinical value of pleura biopsy and partial pleura cryobiopsy via electronic bronchoscope in diagnosis of unknown exudative pleural effusion. Methods Diagnostic results of 563 patients with unknown exudative pleural effusion were analyzed retrospectively. Bronchoscope and routine pleura biopsy were performed in 187 patients. Bronchoscope and routine pleura biopsy plus partial pleura cryobiopsy were performed in 376 patients. Pathological positive rates of the two groups were compared. Results In the 187 patients examined by bronchoscope and routine pleura biopsy from 2006 to 2008, 161 patients obtained pathological positive results ( 86.1% ) . In the 376 patients examined by bronchoscope and routine pleura biopsy plus partial pleura cryobiopsy from 2009 to 2012, 354 patients acquired pathological diagnosis ( 94.1% ) . There was significant difference between the two groups ( P lt; 0.05) . The main complications were bleeding and local chest pain, and they can be controlled easily. Conclusions Electronic bronchoscope and pleura biopsy can obtain high detection rate of nearly 90% in diagnosis of unknown exudative pleural effusion especially when combined with cryobiopsy of partial pleura. Electronic bronchoscope combined with pleura biopsy or cryobiopsy is an alternative in clinical settings when thoracoscope is unavailable.
Objective To measure the serum level of adiponectin and explore its clinical implication in patients with asthma in acute exacerbation and remission phase. Methods 97 patients with asthma were recruited, including 50 patients with asthma in acute exacerbation and 47 patients in remission phase fromOctober 2010 to September 2011. 27 healthy nonsmoking volunteers of normal weight ( BMI range of 18.5-24. 9 kg/m2 ) were included as control. The concentrations of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) . The lung function was tested in all subjects. The correlations between adiponectin, TNF-αand lung function were investigated. The data was analyzed using SPSS 19. 0 software. Variables were compared with one-way ANOVA. The correlations between variables were analyzed using Peason’s correlation coefficient or Spearman correlation coefficient.Results Serum adiponectin level was significantly lower in the patients with asthma in acute exacerbation [ ( 246 ±1. 21) ng/mL] than that in the healthy subjects [ ( 9. 64 ±4. 88)ng/mL] and the patients in remission phase [ ( 3. 79 ±0. 96) ng/mL] ( P lt; 0. 01) , while serum adiponectin level was also significantly lower in the patients in asthma remission phase than that in the healthy subjects ( P lt; 0. 01) . The serum adiponectin level in the patients with asthma in acute exacerbation or in asthma remission phase was negatively correlated with the serum TNF-α level ( P lt; 0. 01) , and was positively correlated with FEV1 /predicted value ( P lt; 0. 01) . Conclusions The serum adiponectin is reduced in asthma patients and may play a protective role in asthma.
Objective To investigate effects of fast track surgery (FTS) combined with laparoscopy on perioperative inflammatory mediators, immune indices, and clinical short-term recovery effect in patient with colorectal cancer. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. The patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu from July 2014 to March 2017 were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into FTS group and traditional group by the random digital table. The FTS mode and the traditional method were adopted during the perioperative period in the FTS group and the traditional group respectively. The inflammatory mediators such asC reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cellular immune indexes such as CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 on the preoperative 1 d, postoperative 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, as well as the index of clinical short-term rehabilitation were compared between these 2 groups. Results ① Eighty-four patients were included in this study, there were 43 patients in the FTS group and 41 patients in the traditional group. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics and the surgical-related indicators between the two groups (P>0.050). ② There were no significant difference in the levels of CRP and IL-6 between the two groups at different time points (P>0.050). The change trend of CRP and IL-6 levels in FTS group and traditional group before and after operation were the same, the CRP and IL-6 levels at the first day after operation were significantly higher than those on 1 d before operation (P<0.001), but on the 7th day after operation decreased significantly. ③ There were no significant difference of CD4, CD 8 and CD4/CD8 levels between the two groups at different time points (P>0.050). The CD4 decreased significantly in 2 groups at the first day after operation (P<0.050), it began to rise on the 3rd day after operation and was close to the preoperative level on the 7th day after operation, but the increase in the traditional group was smaller. The changes of CD8 level at different time points before and after operation were not significant in two groups (P>0.050). The changes of CD4/CD8 ratio at different time points before and after operation were not significant in two groups (P>0.050), only the first day after operation of FTS group was significantly lower than that in preoperative 1 d (P<0.001), and on the third day after operation, it increased significantly and was close to the level of 1 day before operation. ④ The time of the first postoperative anal exhaustion or defecation in the FTS group was significantly shorter than that in the traditional group (P<0.001). The overall incidence of postoperative complications and the incidence of hypoproteinemia in the FTS group were significantly lower than those in the traditional group (P<0.050). Conclusion Compared with traditional perioperative management in combination with laparoscopic surgery, FTS combined with laparoscopic surgery has no effects on postoperative inflammatory mediators and immune parameters in patient with colorectal cancer, and it could reduce complications, reduce traumatic stress, and accelerate postoperative recovery for patient with colorectal cancer.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of Kinesio taping on upper limb function recovery in stroke patients.MethodsPubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy of Kinesio taping on upper limb function recovery in stroke patients from inception to December 20th, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 13 RCTs involving 589 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, Kinesio taping significantly improved the FMA-UE score (MD=6.21, 95%CI 3.68 to 8.74, P<0.000 01), VAS score (MD=1.76, 95%CI 1.30 to 2.23, P<0.000 01), and MBI score (MD=10.28, 95%CI 8.43 to 12.13, P<0.000 01) of patients.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that the Kinesio taping can significantly improve the upper limb motor function, pain, and daily living ability of stroke patients. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of local anesthesia for venipuncture in children, and to provide evidence for related nursing practice.MethodsWeb of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chinese Biomedical Database and VIP databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the application of local anesthesia in venipuncture in children till June 25th, 2021. Two reviewers independently reviewed the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included RCTs. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 19 RCTs were included, comprising 2 566 patients. All of them were high-quality English articles included in SCI or Medline. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the painless rate [odds ratio (OR)=3.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.88, 7.66), P=0.000 2] and satisfaction rate of venipuncture [OR=2.12, 95%CI (1.27, 3.54), P=0.004] in the local anesthesia group were higher than those in the non-anesthesia group, and the pain score [mean difference=−0.62, 95%CI (−0.77, −0.48), P<0.000 01] in the local anesthesia group was lower than that in the non-anesthesia group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the success rate of the first puncture [OR=1.14, 95%CI (0.77, 1.68), P=0.52], the incidence of transient skin reactions [OR=1.15, 95%CI (0.67, 1.95), P=0.62], the incidence of paleness [OR=1.11, 95%CI (0.57, 2.15), P=0.76], or the incidence of edema at the puncture site [OR=0.64, 95%CI (0.21, 1.96), P=0.44].ConclusionsLocal anesthesia can effectively reduce pain and improve the satisfaction of children with venipuncture, and has good clinical safety. It can be used by nursing staff in clinical practice.