Objective To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of postinfection bronchiolitis obliterans. Methods Clinical manifestation, chest X-ray, characteristics of lung function,computed tomography ( CT) of 6 patients with postinfection bronchiolitis obliterans from August 2009 to June2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All 6 cases were diagnosed as bronchiolitis obliterans after pneumonia. One patient had severe pneumonia complicated with congenital atrial septal defect and heart failure. 3 cases were complicated with varying degrees of cardiac insufficiency. Adenovirus in sputumsample were found in2 cases, smear positive for parainfluenza virus was found in1 case, mycoplasma were found in 2 cases, and no specific pathogen was found in the last one. All 6 cases were suffered frompersistent cough,wheezing and shortness of breath with three depression sign in 4 cases. The symptoms lasted for at least 6 weeks. Crackles and wheezing were present in all 6 cases. Small airway lesion was presented by pulmonary CT. Bronchiectasis was showed in 2 cases, atelectasis in 1 case, and consolidation in 1 case. Pulmonary function tests showed mixed ventilatory dysfunction. Bronchofiberscope examination was operated in5 cases,only endotracheitis was found. Prednisone and azithromycin were given orally in all the cases, but the clinical symptoms were persistent in the course of treatment and no death occured. Conclusions Clinical symptoms of bronchiolitis obliterans are characterized by persistent cough and wheezing. Small airway lesions were present in pulmonary CT. Repeated lower respiratory infection is common. Prednisone is widely used in treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans, but the therapeutic effect is uncertain.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress on etiology and pathogenesis of spina bifida. MethodsBy consulting relevant domestic and foreign research literature on spina bifida, the classification, epidemic trend, pathogenesis, etiology, prevention and treatment of it were analyzed and summarized. ResultsSpina bifida, a common phenotype of neural tube defects, is classified based on the degree and pattern of malformation associated with neuroectodermal involvement and is due to the disturbance of neural tube closure 28 days before embryonic development. The prevalence of spina bifida varies greatly among different ethnic groups and regions, and its etiology is complex. Currently, some spina bifida patients can be prevented by folic acid supplements, and with the improvement of treatment technology, the short-term and long-term survival rate of children with spina bifida has improved. ConclusionThe research on the pathogenesis of spina bifida will be based on the refined individual information on exposure, genetics, and complex phenotype, and will provide a theoretical basis for improving prevention and treatment strategies through multidisciplinary cooperation.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. The influence of diet on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) should not be underestimated. In 2022, the American College for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) issued guidelines, which emphasized the importance of changing dietary patterns for the prevention of ASCVD and its risk factors, recommended the best diet for ASCVD prevention, and discussed dietary recommendations for ASCVD prevention in special populations. This paper interprets this guideline, aiming to provide help for clinical practice.
Internet of Things (IoT) technology plays an important role in smart healthcare. This paper discusses IoT solution for emergency medical devices in hospitals. Based on the cloud-edge-device architecture, different medical devices were connected; Streaming data were parsed, distributed, and computed at the edge nodes; Data were stored, analyzed and visualized in the cloud nodes. The IoT system has been working steadily for nearly 20 months since it run in the emergency department in January 2021. Through preliminary analysis with collected data, IoT performance testing and development of early warning model, the feasibility and reliability of the in-hospital emergency medical devices IoT was verified, which can collect data for a long time on a large scale and support the development and deployment of machine learning models. The paper ends with an outlook on medical device data exchange and wireless transmission in the IoT of emergency medical devices, the connection of emergency equipment inside and outside the hospital, and the next step of analyzing IoT data to develop emergency intelligent IoT applications.