Objective To summarize the basic principle of electrical impedance spectrum technology and the latest progress in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Methods By the domestic and overseas literatures review， medical application and diagnostic prospect in thyroid carcinoma of electrical impedance spectrum were summarized. Results Electrical impedance spectrum was a kind of somatic function imaging， whose measurement results was objective， and it could diagnose thyroid carcinoma in early stage effectively. In addition， it could be used as a complementary form of fine needle aspiration biopsy， improving the diagnostic accuracy rate of thyroid carcinoma， thereby reducing the unessential thyroid operations. Conclusion Electrical impedance spectrum technology is a potentially useful imaging modality for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma in early stage， and functions as a auxiliary clinical diagnosis method for fine needle aspiration biopsy.
Objective To explore the correlation between physical activity, sleep and aging using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods The data through genome-wide association studies was summarized. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to physical activity and sleep as instrumental variables was selected. The inverse variance weighting method was used for the main analyses, complemented by the weighted median method and MR Egger regression, and then sensitivity analyses were carried out in terms of multiplicity, heterogeneity and leave-one-out method. Finally, multivariate Mendelian methods were applied to eliminate confounders and find mediators. Results A total of two types of physical activity (strong physical activity, physical inactivity) and three sleep conditions (daytime naps, short sleep duration, adequate sleep duration) were found to have a causal relationship with frailty index (P<0.05), while physical inactivity was found to have a causal relationship with telomere length (P<0.05). A total of 167 SNPs were included in the analysis. Strong physical activity [correlation coefficient (β)=−1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.60, −0.96), P<0.0001], adequate sleep duration [β=−0.17, 95%CI (−0.26, −0.09), P<0.001] were negatively correlated with the frailty index. Physical inactivity [β=1.47, 95%CI (0.85, 2.08), P<0.001], daytime naps [β=0.25, 95%CI (0.12, 0.39), P=0.0002], and short sleep duration [β=0.20, 95%CI (0.13, 0.27), P<0.0001] were positively associated with frailty index. Physical inactivity [β=−0.38, 95%CI (−0.69, −0.07), P=0.02] was negatively correlated with telomere length. Percentage body fat, body fat mass, waist circumference, body weight and body mass index partially mediated 25.52%, 23.52%, 10.08%, 17.6% and 10.08% of the effect between daytime naps and frailty index, respectively. Conclusion There is a causal relationship between physical activity, sleep, and aging.
Objective To explore the change of constitution in thyroid diseases of West China Hospital between 2000 and 2012， in order to provide clinical evidence. Methods Clinical data， including gender， age， and pathological diagnosis of patients with thyroid disease who underwent primary thyroid surgery in our hospital from 2000 to 2012 were collected retrospectively and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 9 642 patients were enrolled， including 1 893 male patients and 7 749 female patients. The ratio of male to female patients was 1 to 4.09. In male patients， the proportion of thyroid carcinoma were significantly higher than those of female group （P=0.02）；in male patients younger than 45 group， the proportion of thyroid carcinoma were significantly higher than those of female group （P＜0.01）. There was no statistical difference on the proportion between male and female patients older than 45 group （P=0.90）. Proportion of thyroid carcinoma， especially proportion of papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC） increased in general. Proportion of Hashimoto thyroiditis （HT） increased in general too. HT with thyroid carcinoma accounted for an increasing proportion of all patients with HT. Proportion of nodular goiter （NG） increased at first and then declined. Proportion of thyroid adenoma （TA） decreased on the whole. Conclusions Proportion of thyroid carcinoma， especially proportion of PTC increase in recent years on the whole in patients underwent surgery. All these changes need to be given sufficient attention.
Objective To summarize the relationship between IgG4 and IgG4 related thyroid diseases. Methods Domestic and international publications involving the pathological features of IgG4-related thyroid diseases and relationship with IgG4 were retrieved and reviewed. Results IgG4-related disease was a newly recognized class of chronic and systemic lymphocytes disease， which may be solitary or involving multiple body organs， as well as thyroid. The expression of IgG4 was found in leisons of Hashimoto thyroiditis， Riedel thyroiditis， and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions IgG4-related thyroid disease is a new concept of thyroiditis. The knowledge of this new disease will provide appropriate treatment for patients with thyroiditis.