【摘要】 目的 研究综合医院心理咨询初诊患者的特征。 方法 对2007年1月1日-2009年12月31日初诊患者的性别、年龄、居住地、学历、职业、咨询目的与疾病分布等特征进行统计分析。 结果 共纳入1 933例初诊患者，女性略多于男性（男女比1∶1.1）；年龄3~75岁，以青少年（10~19岁，34.5%）和青年（20~29岁，29.7%）为主；当地居民居多（66.0%），外地居民亦占较大比例（34.0%）；学历主要分布在中学（初中:21.5%；高中:35.6%）和大学（33.6%）；职业分布以学生比例最大（40.0%），其次为无固定职业者（14.9%），专业技术人员（12.5%），商业、服务人员（9.4%），办事人员和有关人员（7.7%）。患者中有心理问题的健康人占27.5%，以亲子教育咨询（53.4%）和婚恋咨询（41.5%）为主；患精神障碍的患者占72.5%，以心境障碍（30.6%）、神经症（23.1%）和精神分裂症（10.1%）为主，新确立的精神障碍网络成瘾占1.1%。 结论 综合医院心理咨询初诊患者来源广泛，需要更加关注青少年、学生和无固定职业者的心理问题。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the characteristics of the new clients from the psychological counseling clinic in general hospital. Methods The clients’ data were prospectively analyzed from the successively registered database of the counseling clinic from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009. The data included sex, age, habitation, educational background, career, problems, and diagnosis of the new clients. Results A total of 1 933 clients were included in the study, and the sex ratio was 1∶1.1(male∶female). The age ranged from three to 75 years old. The clients aging from 10 to 29 yeas old accounted for 64.2%. Sixty-six percent of the clients were local residents. The education backgrounds of them were middle school (21.5%), high school (35.6%), and graduate (33.6%). Forty percent of the clients were students and 14.9% had no regular works. Special technician, business and service workers, and office workers accounted for 12.5%, 9.4%, and 7.7%, respectively. The percentage of healthy clients was 27.5%, whose main problems were child education (53.4%), and marriage relationship (41.5%). And 72.5% of the clients suffered from mental disorders, with mood disorder (30.6%), neurosis (23.1%), and schizophrenia (10.1%). Internet addiction, as a new established mental disorder in China, accounted for 1.1%. Conclusion At present, the clients of counseling clinic in general hospital are more widespread, and more attention should be paid to the young, the students, and the people without regular work.
Epilepsy is one of the chronic central nervous system diseases that can occur repeatedly for a long time. About 70 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Two thirds of epileptic patients do not receive proper treatment because of inadequate health care services and social discrimination based on cultural beliefs. Effective health management mode can reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients and improve the quality of life of patients. This article divides management modes into five types: Hospital-based health management model, community-based health management model, family health management model, self-health management model and health management model based on network technology. By referring to relevant literature, the research status of epilepsy health management model at home and abroad was summarized, which provides reference for the health management and reasonable intervention of patients with epilepsy.