Objective To have more insight into roles of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) in digestive tumor. Method The basic and clinical studies on the GDF15 in the digestive tumors published were searched in the databases for summarizing the latest advances on this issue. Results The GDF15, a novel member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily, played the diverse roles in the progress of the various diseases. The increasing number of evidence indicated that the GDF15 was associated with the diagnosis and prognostication of the digestive tumors, eg: colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and might serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the multiple digestive tumors. Conclusions Current basic and clinical studies provide some evidences that GDF15 plays a role in digestive tumors. Further studies are needed to elucidate its roles and molecular mechanisms in different stages of diseases.
ObjectiveTo summarize the new biomarkers of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and their research progress, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DVT. MethodThe literature about biomarkers of DVT in recent 5 years was reviewed and summarized. ResultsAccording to the results of literature review, a variety of common DVT biomarkers such as serum microrna, fibrin monomer, neutrophil capture net, and E-selectin were sorted out, but most of them had not been used in clinical DVT management. At present, the clinical diagnosis of DVT required the combination of positive D-dimer test and positive imaging examination, and there was no single biomarker for the diagnosis of DVT. ConclusionsBiomarkers are valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of DVT, but their sensitivity and specificity need to be optimized. Therefore, finding biomarkers with more diagnostic value is one of the future directions. At the same time, we also can consider fully combined with a variety of existing biomarkers, to improve the efficiency to the diagnosis of DVT.
Ferroptosis is a unique way of cell death discovered in recent years, which involves the lethal process of iron ion accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which is obviously different from the traditional cell death pathway such as apoptosis and necrosis. For a long time, tuberculosis has been a major infectious disease in the field of global public health, which brings a serious burden to the society because of its high morbidity and mortality. The emergence of drug resistance aggravates the difficulty of treating tuberculosis, and new treatment strategies and drug targets are urgently needed. Combined with the latest research progress at home and abroad, This article will discuss the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and pulmonary tuberculosis and the relationship between signal pathways, biomarkers and related genes, in order to provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is an analog of norepinephrine that accumulates in sympathetic nerve endings soon after intravenous administration. The degree of accumulation reflects the uptake, storage and release of transmitters by noradrenergic neurons. Myocardial imaging with 123I labeled MIBG (123I-MIBG) can be used to estimate the extent of local myocardial sympathetic nerve damage, which has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various heart diseases. In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out on the application of 123I-MIBG in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the nervous system (such as Parkinson's disease and dementia of Lewy body), and have made some achievements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current clinical application of 123I-MIBG myocardial imaging in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies, the problems in imaging technology and the possible research directions in the future, so as to provide valuable reference information for clinicians to reasonably and accurately apply this technology in the early diagnosis and discrimination of dementia.
Non-invasive biomarkers, due to their non-invasive and safe characteristics, hold significant potential for the diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy. This review summarizes the research progress and future directions of non-invasive biomarkers for epilepsy, encompassing electrophysiological, imaging, biochemical, and genetic markers, and discusses biomarkers for specific types of epilepsy, such as structural lesion-related epilepsy, infection and inflammation-related epilepsy, autoimmune epilepsy, endocrine hormone-related epilepsy, and metabolic epilepsy, to facilitate their clinical application.
Objective To summarize the research progress of microRNA in acute pancreatitis. Methods By reading the domestic and international literatures published in recent years, to summarize the research progress of microRNA in acute pancreatitis. Results In recent years, researches had found that microRNA could be used as a biomarker for acute pancreatitis to predict and determine the occurrence, development, and complications of acute pancreatitis. MicroRNA could regulate the programmed cell death of acute pancreatitis, and played an important role in the development of inflammation and complications, it also could be used as a therapeutic target for acute pancreatitis. Conclusions MicroRNA plays an important role in the development of acute pancreatitis. Researching the mechanism of microRNA in acute pancreatitis is helpful for the treatment and prevention of acute pancreatitis.
Unhealthy diet, habits and drug abuse cause a variety of liver diseases, including steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, which seriously affect human health. The fabrication of highly simulated cell models in vitro is important in the treatment of liver diseases and drug development. This article summarized the common strategies for the construction of liver pathology models in vitro. It introduced four typical cell models in vitro related to liver disease and provided a reference for the study of liver disease models.
ObjectiveTo explore the predictive value of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) for postoperative early outcomes in infants with aortic coarctation (CoA).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 344 children with CoA admitted to our hospital from September 2014 to October 2017, including 206 males (59.9%) and 138 females (40.1%), with an average age of 0.2-60.0 (7.1±10.6) months. The levels of NT-proBNP, clinical characteristics, imaging data and early follow-up results were collected and analyzed.ResultsCompared with the normal NT-proBNP group, there were statistical differences in age, the proportion of RACHS-1≥3, the proportion of preoperative pneumonia and dysplastic aortic arch, preoperative cardiac function, left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular dilatation, hospital stay, ICU duration, ventilator duration, duration of vasoactive drugs use, delayed chest closure, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), postoperative cardiac insufficiency in the abnormal NT-proBNP group (P<0.05). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, NT-proBNP level (>3 000 pg/mL) was an independent risk factor for prolonged ICU duration [OR=3.17, 95%CI (1.61, 6.23)], prolonged ventilator duration [OR=5.84, 95%CI (2.86, 11.95)], prolonged use of vasoactive drugs [OR=2.22, 95%CI (1.22, 4.02)], postoperative cardiac insufficiency [OR=3.10, 95%CI (1.64, 5.85)]; NT-proBNP level (> 5 000 pg/mL) was an independent risk factor for delayed chest closure [OR=3.55, 95%CI (1.48, 8.50)].ConclusionNT-proBNP level in children with CoA can be affected by many factors, including age, complexity of congenital heart disease, preoperative cardiac insufficiency, et al. The level of NT-proBNP has predictive value for postoperative early outcomes.
Objective To investigate the association of serum albumin and relevant composite indicators with malignant brain edema after acute ischemic stroke. Methods We screened patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January and December 2022. The case group consisted of patients who developed malignant brain edema within 7 days of admission, while the control group consisted of patients who did not develop malignant brain edema within 7 days of admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of serum albumin and relevant composite indicators with malignant brain edema after acute ischemic stroke. Results Finally, 428 patients were included, aged 70.00 (58.00, 82.00) years, with females accounting for 40.9% (n=175). The time from onset to admission was 10.00 (4.00, 24.00) hours. Forty-three patients (10.0%) developed malignant brain edema and were classified as the case group, and their onset time of malignant brain edema was 34.00 (22.50, 56.50) hours after the onset of the disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in the score of the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores [odds ratio (OR)=1.167], the combination of diabetes (OR=5.525), the treatment of thrombectomy (OR=23.875), and the neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio higher than the median (OR=3.806) were associated with the increased risk of malignant brain edema (P<0.05), and the successful reperfusion after thrombectomy (OR=0.120) was associated with the reduced risk of malignant brain edema (P<0.05). Conclusion A higher percentage of serum neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio within 24 hours of onset in patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with an increased risk of malignant brain edema within 7 days of admission.
Objective To explore the potential mechanism of the occurrence and development of lupus nephritis (LN) and identify key biomarkers and immune-related pathways associated with the progression of LN. Methods We downloaded a dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. By analyzing the differential expression of genes and performing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), as well as Gene Ontology enrichment, Disease Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment, we explored the biological functions of differentially expressed genes in LN. Using three machine learning models, namely LASSO regression, support vector machine, and random forest, we identified the hub genes in LN, and constructed a line diagram diagnosis model based on the hub genes. The diagnostic accuracies of the hub genes were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the relationship between known marker gene sets and hub gene expression was analyzed using single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Results We identified a total of 2297 differentially expressed genes. WGCNA generated 7 co-expression modules, among which the cyan module had the highest correlation with LN. We obtained 347 target genes by combining differential genes. Using the three machine learning methods, LASSO regression, support vector machine, and random forest, we identified three hub genes (CLC, ADGRE4P, and CISD2) that could serve as potential biomarkers for LN. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis showed that these three hub genes had significant diagnostic value (AUCCLC=0.718, AUCADGRE4P=0.813, AUCCISD2=0.718). According to single sample gene set enrichment analysis, the hub genes were mainly associated with apoptosis, glycolysis, metabolism, hypoxia, and tumor necrosis factor-α-nuclear factor-κB-related pathways. Conclusions By combining WGCNA and machine learning techniques, three hub genes (CLC, ADGRE4P, and CISD2) that may be involved in the occurrence and development of LN are identified. These genes have the potential to aid in the early clinical diagnosis of LN and provide insight into the mechanisms underlying LN progression.