Objective To summarize the experience of epidemic prevention in order to offer the first-hand data for reconstruction after the earthquake and epidemic control and prevention in the active seismic zone. Method We collected and analyzed the data of epidemic control and prevention and summarized their strengths and weaknesses. Results Of the 13 counties in Aba Prefecture, 12 were affl icted with 2 worst-hit counties and 5 worse-hit disaster areas. A total of 20 233 people were dead and 7 873 people were missing. Health system was severely damaged. Aba Center of Disease Control and Prevention started the contingency plan and sent 4 epidemic prevention teams to the disaster areas. With the combination of local materials and external aids, the epidemic prevention network of county, township and village was established. (1) Environment cleaning and el imination: up to August 27, 2008, 2 591 group times of teams involving 88 298 person times and 5 294 set times of vehicles were allocated. Disinfection area covered 18 181.3 m2 including 14 132 dumps, 33 271 cesspits and 154 391 breeding grounds of mosquitoes, fl ies and mice. (2) Critical supervision for the safety of drinking water and food: up to June 20, 21 central ized and 1 032 dispersed water supply sources were restored. We monitored 829 drinking water samples, among which 594 were qual ified with the qual ified rate of 66.59%. (3) A total of 86 396 people were resettled in 17 temporary sites. (4) Wild dogs were killed in Kala-azar epidemic areas. Mosquitoes, flies and mice were supervised once a week. (5) Disease supervision: A total of 762 cases in 15 legal infectious diseases were found within 90 days after the earthquake, and no death was found. No outbreak of infectious epidemic situations and burst publ ic health events was reported. A total of 57 157 Hepatitis A vaccinations were inoculated in the children aged from 18 months to 12 years old and 16 268 in children aged from 13 to 16 years old, medical staff, mil itary personnel and first-l ine workers. A total of 4 435 Japanese encephal itis vaccinations were inoculated in people in Xiaojin county. On June 15, routine inoculation cl inic recovered and on July 1, expansive inoculation was started on schedule. Conclusion Phased victory is gained in epidemic control and prevention in Aba Prefecture, although it is only a latter-wit. It is suggested that a long-term system of the earthquake disaster as well as human and environmental protection should be reconsidered through the first-hand data of anti-epidemic measures of the Wenchuan earthquake.
Objective To describe the design and application of an emergency response mobile phone-based information system for infectious disease reporting. Methods Software engineering and business modeling were used to design and develope the emergency response mobile phone-based information system for infectious disease reporting. Results Seven days after the initiation of the reporting system, the reporting rate in the earthquake zone reached the level of the same period in 2007, using the mobile phone-based information system. Surveillance of the weekly report on morbidity in the earthquake zone after the initiation of the mobile phone reporting system showed the same trend as the previous three years. Conclusion The emergency response mobile phone-based information system for infectious disease reporting was an effective solution to transmit urgently needed reports and manage communicable disease surveillance information. This assured the consistency of disease surveillance and facilitated sensitive, accurate, and timely disease surveillance. It is an important backup for the internet-based direct reporting system for communicable disease.
With the range of application of computational biology and systems biology gradually expanding, the complexity of the bioprocess models is also increased. To address this difficult problem, it is required to introduce positive alternative analysis method to cope with it. Taking the dynamic model of the epidemic control process as research object, we established an evaluation model in our laboratory. Firstly, the model was solved with nonlinear programming method. The results were shown to be good. Based on biochemical systems theory, the ODE dynamic model was transformed into S-system. The eigen values of the model showed that the system was stable and contained oscillation phenomenon. Next the sensitivities of rate constant and logarithmic gains of the three key parameters were analyzed, as well as the robust of the system. The result indicated that the biochemical systems theory could be applied in different fields more widely.
Objective To design a nucleic acid information early warning system and evaluate the effect of the application. Methods 60 nurses working in the clinical department of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from August to October 2021 were selected by convenient sampling method, and the included nurses were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group used the nucleic acid information early warning system, and the control group used the nucleic acid registration in a common way. Statistical duration of the nucleic acid information, nucleic acid leakage detection rate and nurses job satisfaction after application were compared between the two groups. Results After the application of nucleic acid information early warning system, compared with the control group, the statistical duration of the nucleic acid information in the experimental group was shortened [(2.0±0.4) vs. (3.8±0.7) min; t=25.827, P<0.001], nucleic acid leakage detection rate decreased [1.4% vs. 6.9%; P=0.019]. The job satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions Applying the nucleic acid information early warning system could reduce statistical duration of the nucleic acid information, nucleic acid leakage detection rate and improve nurses job satisfaction and work experience. It will provide reference and basis for medical institutions to normalize the management of nucleic acid prevention and control in medical institutions.
When a clustered coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic occurs, how to prevent and control hospital infection is a challenge faced by each medical institution. Under the normalization situation, building an effective prevention and control system is the premise and foundation for medical institutions to effectively prevent and control infection when dealing with clustered epidemics. According to the principles of control theory, medical institutions should quickly switch to an emergency state, and effectively deal with the external and internal infection risks brought by clustered epidemics by strengthening source control measures, engineering control measures, management control measures and personal protection measures. This article summarizes the experience of handling clustered outbreaks in medical institutions in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, and aims to provide a reference for medical institutions to take effective prevention and control measures when dealing with clustered outbreaks.
Objective To analyze the report status of the pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly people aged ≥ 65 years old. Methods The reported data of senile pulmonary tuberculosis and the whole population pulmonary tuberculosis at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2022 were retrospective selection. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the different characteristics and etiology of senile pulmonary tuberculosis. Results A total of 2 182 senile pulmonary tuberculosis were reported. The report was mainly positive reports of etiology [1091 cases (50.00%)], and the component ratio increased year by year (χ2=49.986, P<0.001). The proportion of senile pulmonary tuberculosis in the whole population pulmonary tuberculosis increased from 17.62% in 2012 to 29.04% in 2022, and the difference between different years was statistically significant (χ2=40.261, P<0.001). In the reported patients, the male to female ratio was 2.30∶1. There were 7 cases of rifampicin resistant, 1 091 cases of etiology positivity, 674 cases of etiology negativity, and 410 cases of no etiology results. The number of reported cases in the age group of 65-74 was higher than that in the age group of 75 and above. The seasonal distribution was not obvious (concentration<0.3). The patients were mainly from other cities of the province [919 cases (42.12%)], and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (including the Tuberculosis Ward) was reported the most [1439 cases (65.95%)]. The majority of occupations were retired individuals [952 cases (43.63%)]. Conclusions From 2012 to 2022, the prevention and treatment of senile pulmonary tuberculosis has achieved some results, but the overall burden is still very heavy. The detection of senile pulmonary tuberculosis should be strengthened.
Taking the actual situation of the undergraduate medical education in West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University as the real-world reference, combining with literature review, this article analyzes the internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as the external opportunities and threats of the novel teaching system in medical education which combines the online-merge-offline (OMO) approach with inquiry-small class model, and provides deep insights into the opportunities and challenges of the teaching system after matching the influential factors based on the SWOT-CLPV matrix model. Based on these analyses, this article discusses the application of the teaching system combining the OMO approach with inquiry-small class model in medical education in the post-epidemic era, so as to provide a reference and guidance for further popularizing the teaching model and enhancing the quality of medical education to a new level.
Objective To assess the public health impacts and needs, to evaluate performance of anti-epidemic efforts after Lushan earthquake, so as to provide references for the following anti-epidemic work. Methods The day of earthquake occurrence was defined as the first day after earthquake. We collected information and data from the Sichuan Provincial Government, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, the Health Department of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and then we compared the situations of disaster, public health situation in stricken area, emergency response, resource deployment, etc. with those after Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, in order to evaluate the performance of anti-epidemic response during 2 weeks, clarify current situations and demands, and offer a proposal for the following work. Results Emergency response was conducted immediately after the Lushan earthquake. The counterpart assistance was considered at the beginning of team arrangement. The number and professional structure of rescue participants were planned according to needs. Three days after earthquake, anti-epidemic staff arrived at every involved county, town, and even village, which achieved full rescue coverage of locations and interventions. The staff helped reconstruct disease surveillance system, protect source of drinking water and environmental hygiene, etc., which resulted in progressive achievement. Two weeks after the earthquake there were no outbreak and public health emergency event occurred in stricken area. Conclusion The anti-epidemic efforts after Lushan earthquake inherit and develop the lessons from Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Emergency response is timely, orderly, scientific, and moderate. The deployment of policies, technologies and resources has already been completed during two weeks. Anti-epidemic efforts achieve preliminary results. We suggest that key issues of further work should be the implementation of policies, strategies and measures, such as health management at relocation sites, water and food hygiene, disease monitoring, prevention and control, mass vaccination, scientific disinfection, and health education, in order to improve long-efficacy mechanism and stabilize work performance.
ObjectiveTo investigate the job satisfaction, emotional state and related factors of medical staff participating in online consultation of West China Internet Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic.MethodsThrough literature review and expert consultation (Delphi method), the questionnaire was developed, and the online consulting medical staff of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were invited to conduct the questionnaire survey from 26 January to 19 June 2020, and finally the statistical analysis was summarized.ResultsA total of 132 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Of the 132 subjects, 127 people (96.2%) expressed satisfaction or special satisfaction with the online consulting office format; 103 respondents (78.0%) said that online consulting did not affect or completely did not affect the work and life; 81 people (61.4%) consulted online more than 5 days a week, and 108 people (81.8%) worked within 2 hours a day; the vast majority (97.7%) of the research subjects were satisfied with the content of the training materials and the related support work of the coordination group. Only 29 (22.0%) of the study participants believed that the epidemic caused negative emotions, mainly due to the severity of the epidemic.ConclusionThe online consulting medical staff are satisfied with the office form, training materials and coordination work group of the COVID-19 epidemic, and think that it does not affect their work and life. 22.0% of medical staff have negative emotions, and the severity of the epidemic is the main reason.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has had a serious impact in the world. In the absence of vaccines and therapeutic drugs, disinfection has become an important technical means to block the spread of the virus. By analyzing the characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we studied a series of disinfection technologies for COVID-19. During the outbreak of COVID-19, Jinan Second Center for Disease Control and Prevention disinfected the houses of the cases to be investigated in a community. The effectiveness of the disinfection technology was verified through the process of disinfection preparation, sampling before disinfection, field disinfection, sampling after disinfection and evaluation of disinfection effect. Compared the data before and after disinfection, the killing rate of the total bacterial colonies in the air and on the surface of the object was more than or equal to 90%, and no SARS-CoV-2 was detected after disinfection. The results show that the disinfection effect of the disinfection technology meets the standard. Finally, through the analysis of the wrong way of disinfection and the harm of over disinfection, the importance of scientific disinfection and precise disinfection are emphasized, and the research has a good guiding value for prevention and control of the epidemic.