Objective To investigate the incidence of retinopathy of prematuri ty (ROP) in the area of Shanghai, and to provide the preliminary data for the ev aluation of present criteria for ROP screening. Methods Record s of 289 prematur e infants who had undergone ROP screening from the four NICU in Shanghai between February 2004 and January 2005 were analyzed. Screening criteria included prete rm infants or low birth weight (LBW) infants with BW of 2000g or less. The first examination starts at 4 to 6 weeks chronologic age or 32 weeks post conceptual age. Results In the 289 screened infants, 19 had developed acu te ROP. There we re 3 threshold ROP, 7 prethreshold ROP and 9 developed ROP less than prethreshol d. The incidence of ROP was 6.6%. According to the British recommended guideline s（BWle;1500 g or GAle;31 weeks）, only 119 out of 289 needed screening and one ca se of stage 1 ROP was missed; the incidence of ROP was 15.1% (18/119). When lowered sc reening criteria to the American guidelines（BWle;1500g or GAle;28 weeks）, t here were only 83 infants needed screening, and we missed 2 stage 1 and 1 prethreshold ROP and the incidence of ROP was 19.3% (16/83). Conclusions The i ncidence of ROP i s 6.6% according to our study. It is lower than other reports and it has somethi ng to do with our present screening guideline. Further epidemiological data are needed to modify the guideline accordingly.
Objective To estimate the prevalence rate and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rural residents in Changzhi. Methods With the help of an established resident health data, a epidemiology study was performed on 63 409 residents (ge;15 years old) in the rural area of Changzhi; while the standard of diagnosis of diabetes was in accordance with the standard made by WHO in 1997. Diabetes was diagnosed in 2632 residents, and these patients underwent the investigation and examination including the disease history, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, visual acuity, ocular diseases and intraocular pressure. The standard of DR was drawn according to the diagnosis standard made by Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society, Chinese Ophthalmological Society, Chinese Medical Association in 1985. The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results A total of 57 500 residents underwent the examination with the participating rate of 90.68%; 2632(4.58%) were diagnosed as with diabetes, in whom 986 were with DR (with DR prevalence of 37.46%). The duration of diabetes was the independent risk factor of DR (r=0.210,P＜0.001). The duration of diabetes and combined with hypertension were the influence factors of the development of DR. The visual acuity in residents with or without DR differed significantly（P＜0.01）. The level of HbA1c was positively related to DR. Conclusions The incidence of DR is high in residents with diabetes in eastern countryside area of Changzhi. The duration of diabetes and combined with hypertension were the influence factors of the development of DR. The level of HbA1c may be the important indicator which can monitor the occurrence and development of DR in patients with diabetes.
Cancer prevention and control is an important healthcare task towards major diseases of the Chinese people and an important part of the “Healthy China 2030” plan outline. This article summarizes and introduces the current status and practical experience of subnational cancer prevention and treatment status in Yibin City and Ya’an City of Sichuan Province. Lung cancer, digestive system cancers, and cervical and breast cancers compose of the majority of cancers with high incidence. In the aspect of cancer epidemiology, there are certain disparities among cities and between urban and rural areas, among which the mortality risk of cancer in rural areas is higher. In Yibin and Ya’an cities, the specialized agencies and governance system for subnational cancer prevention and control are still in the early stage of development, and the background data such as cancer-specific survival rate, public awareness of core knowledge on cancer prevention and control, quality control of key techniques, and healthcare resources in subnational areas are still unclear. Therefore, all levels of cancer prevention and control need further strengthening the organizational leadership and system construction, and promoting the hierarchic healthcare and balanced development.
The misdiagnosis rate and mortality of mesenteric ischemia are high, but with the continuous updating of diagnosis and treatment techniques and treatment concepts in recent years, many patients can get timely and effective treatment. This article starts from the epidemiology, vascular anatomy, etiology, clinical manifestations and classification of mesenteric ischemia, and the progress of diagnosis and treatment under the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode, and details the research progress of mesenteric ischemia at home and abroad. This paper focuses on the significance of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode in the diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric ischemia, in order to strengthen the treatment consciousness of mesenteric ischemia and explore a more accurate and effective treatment system. The purpose of this study is to provide some reference for avoiding intestinal infarction and improving the survival rate of intestinal tract.
ObjectiveTo summary the study results of the Sichuan Gastric Cancer Early Detection and Screening Research Program (SIGES). MethodsIn the past 10 years, SIGES program conducted a series of clinical and clinical epidemiological studies on the current situation and strategies of gastric cancer prevention and control in China, which provided evidence for supply-side structural reform to improve the gastric cancer prevention and control. We collected related studies and made a review. ResultsSIGES program systematically and specifically studied carcinogenic pathogens, risk factors, screening strategies, as well as critical technique and system construction of tertiary prevention for gastric cancer. The main results supported that Helicobacter pylori was highly correlated with precancerous atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Oncoviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human cytomegalovirus, human papillomavirus, John Cunningham virus were correlated with the risk of gastric cancer, and should be paid further attention in the prevention and screening strategy of gastric cancer. Ethnicity, domicile, and family history of gastric cancer were also correlated with gastric cancer and gastric cancer-related risk factors, so it was suggested to include in the personalized evaluation criteria system of high-risk groups for gastric cancer. ConclusionsAt present, the prevention and control of gastric cancer in China has achieved substantial achievements, but the burden of gastric cancer keeps heavy. It is still necessary to conduct further scientific research on critical technique or issues in designing prevention and control strategies.
Purpose Researching the relared risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the epidemiological investigation. Methods Basing on a population random sampling survey and screening in 6 areas and cities of Anhui,216 diabetics were screened and they were then investigated in detail by filling in forms,measuring blood pressure,ocular examination including ophthalmoscopy,and lab examination including fasting blood glucose (FBG),blood glucose 2 hours after meal,urine albumin excretion (UAE),serum triglyceride,and cholesterol. Results The resultant date revealed that the duration of diabetes,blood pressure FBG and UAE were associated significantly with DR (Plt;0.05),and serum triglyceride and cholesterol were associated not significantly with DR(Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Long duration of diabetes,hight FBG and hight blood pressure are the important risk factors of DR,and urine albumin might forebode the occurrence of DR. (中华眼底病杂志,1998,14:119-121)
Objective To estimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in residents at the age of ge; 60 years in Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai, and to analyze the changes and risk factors of the occurrence of DR while comparing with the previous epidemiology study in the same blocks in 2003.Methods With the help of an established resident health data,a epidemiology study was performed on all of the old residents (ge; 60 years old) with diabetes mellitus from November 2007 to April 2008.The epidemiology data included resident common information, health check, examination of visual acuity,slitlamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, and photography of 2 pictures covering 450 posterior ocular fundus area acquired by digital nonmydriasis fundus camera. The diagnosis of DR was drawn according to the international DR classification (2002). The DR grade was compared in 254 residents who were involved in both of the two epidemiology studies in 2003 and 2007.Chisquare method was used to analyze the risk factors of DR and stepwise logistic analysis was used for identifying the independent factors.Results A total of 483 diabetic residents was included in this study with the inclusion rate of 91.30%, in whom 121 DR patients was found with the DR prevalence of 25.05％. The prevalence of non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR was 22.36% and 2.69%, respectively. The duration of diabetes was confirmed as the independent risk factor of DR prevalence, and no risk factor was found to affect the different ratio of non-proliferative and proliferative DR. Comparing to the results of the study in 2003,the DR grade remained steadily or decreased in 92.52% of the 254 diabetes residents.Conclusion The prevalence of DR is high in the diabetic residents at the age of ge; 60 years.The intervention work of DR prevention in Beixinjing blocks is effective.
Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Culai Town of Tai'an City in Shandong Province. Methods According to the DM management file database for community, 785 patients with T2DM were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. The questionnaires, routine general examinations, visual and fundus-free fluoroscopy were performed on all the patients. DR diagnosis and classification was according to the guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of DR in China (2014). Both monocular and binocular DR were selected as DR patients, and the worse eye for binocular DR were treated as the DR classification of the patient. The patients were grouped by presence or absence of DR. GraphPad Prism 6, SigmaPlot 12.5, SPSS 20.0 and Excel were used to achieve data analysis. Also, SPSS 20.0 was used for multi-factor logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 699 patients (89.04%) were actually recorded. There were 122 eyes of 63 patients (9.01%) with DR (DR group), 1272 eyes of 636 patients (90.99%) without DR (NDR group). Among the 122 eyes of DR, there were 19 (15.57%), 17 (13.93%), 70 (57.38%), 10 (8.20%), 6 (4.92%) eyes in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, respectively. The differences of mean age (t=15 290, P=0.002), DM duration (t=9075, P＜0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (t=15 810, P=0.006) between the two groups were statistically significant. There were 23 (36.51%) and 394 (61.95%) patients with hypertension history in the DR group and the NDR group, with the significant difference ( χ2=15.42, OR=0.35, 95%CI 0.21-0.60). There were 57 (90.48%) and 500 (78.62%) patients with fasting blood glucose larger than 6.11 mmol/L in the DR group and the NDR group, with the significant difference (OR=2.51, 95%CI 1.06-5.95, P=0.031). Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, fasting blood glucose and DM duration were influencing factors for DR (OR=1.039, 0.864, 0.898; P=0.021, ＜0.000, ＜0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of DR in patients with T2DM in Culai Town of Tai'an City is 9.01%. Age, DM duration, fasting blood glucose are associated to DR. Those with a history of hypertension may have a lower risk of DR than those without a history of hypertension.
The guideline for reporting meta-epidemiological research, based on PRISMA, aims to increase the reporting quality and transparency of meta-epidemiological studies. This paper introduced and interpreted the 24 reporting items in the guidelines for reporting meta-epidemiological research to provide a reference for standardizing the reporting of meta-epidemiological studies.
Purpose To decribe the prevalence of age related macular degeneration (AMD) in the population aged 50 and over in Doumen County of Gunagdong Province. Methods After randomized clustering sampling,all selected individuals were enumerated according to village residence register.Visual acuity were measured by illuminated EDTRS chart. The examination of eyelid,cornea,lens and fundus were also carried out.The diagnosis of AMD was made according to the criteria of National Academic Group of Fundus Diseases combining with the visual criteria of Framingham Eye Study. Results 5 324 indivduals were axamined with participating rate of 92.8%.The ove rall prevalence of AMD was 8.4%.The prevalence of 2.9%,7.8% and 12.9% was found in the age groups of 50-,60-,70- respectively.The prevalence of male and female was 8.5% and 8.4% respctively.5% of AMD eyes were blind and 49% were low vision. Conclusion The prevalence of AMD is hight and increased with aging,but not correlated with sex.AMD can cause severe visual impairment. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:122-124)